General AI research publications from MBZUAI, KAUST, TII, QCRI, and other GCC institutions, including conference papers, journal articles, and preprints.
KAUST's Rapid Research Response Team (R3T), including Professor Samir Hamdan, is working to understand and counteract the spread of COVID-19. The team assembled a complete homemade, one-step RT-PCR test, comparable to commercial kits, with a patent-free manufacturing recipe. KAUST R3T is also researching faster, more accurate point-of-care tests, including a CRISPR-based molecular test. Why it matters: This research provides accessible testing solutions and contributes to more effective and rapid detection methods for combating viral spread in the region and globally.
KAUST Professor Ingo Pinnau has been named a 2020 Fellow of the North American Membrane Society (NAMS). Pinnau's research focuses on high-performance membranes for energy-intensive gas and liquid separations. He has published over 170 peer-reviewed papers and holds 46 granted U.S. patents. Why it matters: Recognition of KAUST faculty in this area highlights the university's contribution to advanced materials research, which is crucial for energy and sustainability initiatives in Saudi Arabia and globally.
KAUST was ranked 119th among 500 global academic institutions in the Nature Index 2020, securing the top position in Saudi Arabia with 84% of the Kingdom's fractional count share. The university also achieved notable rankings in specific disciplines, including 69th in physical sciences, 87th in chemistry, and 89th in earth and environmental sciences. KAUST's Nature Index FC output surpasses that of 17 countries, including the UAE. Why it matters: This ranking highlights KAUST's strong research output and its increasing contribution to global scientific advancements, strengthening the Kingdom's position in research and innovation.
KAUST and the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) collaborated to reduce non-technical losses in the Saudi power sector using machine learning. KAUST Visualization Core Lab (KVL) developed models using five years of SEC billing data from the Riyadh area to predict electricity usage and detect anomalous billing transactions. SEC estimates it could recover at least 73,000,000 SAR in lost revenue by correcting anomalies identified by KAUST models. Why it matters: This partnership demonstrates the potential of AI to address inefficiencies and fraud in critical infrastructure sectors in Saudi Arabia.
KSA is increasing focus on its Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts as part of its Vision 2030 plan, with projects like NEOM and The Red Sea Project. The Kingdom is launching initiatives such as The Council of Arab and African Littoral States of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to align sustainability policies. KSA's Red Sea coral reefs have shown resilience compared to others worldwide. Why it matters: This signals a growing commitment from Saudi Arabia to develop a sustainable ocean economy and leverage its coastal resources, aligning with global sustainability goals.
Gilles Lubineau, KAUST's Discovery Associate Dean for Faculty in PSE and PI in the COHMAS lab, has been elected to the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Lubineau's nomination recognizes his contributions to material engineering, specifically developing approaches for predicting and improving the integrity of materials and structures. He hopes this nomination will build bridges between European and Saudi academic communities. Why it matters: This recognition of a KAUST faculty member elevates the university's international standing and fosters potential collaborations in engineering and materials science.
KAUST Professors Aamir Farooq and Mani Sarathy received the inaugural Research Excellence Award from The Combustion Institute (CI). The CI, established in 1954, promotes combustion science and technology research worldwide. The award recognizes CI members with impactful research papers in combustion science. Why it matters: This award highlights KAUST's contributions to combustion research and strengthens its position as a leading institution in this field.
KAUST researchers are developing a streamlined COVID-19 diagnostic testing method using superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The team, led by Assistant Professor Mo Li, aims to address reagent shortages and improve automation by creating an in-house extraction kit compatible with inactivated samples. Associate Professor Samir Hamdan identified a protocol for making silica-coated MNPs that survive inactivation reagents, enabling magnetic separation without centrifugation. Why it matters: This innovation could significantly increase testing capacity in Saudi Arabia and globally by reducing biosafety risks, reagent dependence, and manual processing.
KAUST Professor Nikos Hadjichristidis has been awarded the H.F. Mark Medal from the Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology. The award recognizes outstanding individuals in polymer science. Hadjichristidis is known for his work in synthesizing model polymers with various macromolecular architectures. Why it matters: This award highlights KAUST's growing prominence in advanced materials science and its ability to attract and retain world-leading researchers.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed an AI model that can identify objects hidden by camouflage by analyzing subtle texture variations. The AI was trained on synthetic data and then tested on real-world images. It successfully detected camouflaged objects with high accuracy, even when the camouflage was very effective. Why it matters: This could have implications for military applications, search and rescue operations, and even wildlife conservation.
KAUST is joining universities worldwide to expedite licensing for COVID-19 related technologies. KAUST researchers are focusing on developing rapid diagnostic platforms, genomic analyses, and tools to track the virus's spread, collaborating with Saudi healthcare stakeholders. By signing the AUTM COVID-19 Licensing Guidelines and adopting the COVID-19 Technology Development Framework, KAUST will offer royalty-free, time-limited, non-exclusive licenses during and after the pandemic. Why it matters: This initiative facilitates quicker development and broader access to essential technologies for combating COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed an AI system that can identify objects hidden by camouflage. The AI uses a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic data to detect partially occluded objects. The system outperformed existing object detection methods in tests on real-world images. Why it matters: The work demonstrates potential applications of AI in defense, security, and search and rescue operations in the Middle East and elsewhere.
KAUST is developing a phased reopening plan in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The plan addresses the gradual return of operations, including laboratories, innovation ecosystem, students, faculty, and staff. It aims to balance community protection with minimizing disruption, focusing on a phased approach to a "new normal." Why it matters: This signals a move towards resuming research activities and on-site work at a leading Saudi research institution, impacting the pace of AI and technology development in the Kingdom.
Researchers in Saudi Arabia have developed a deep learning framework for automated counting and geolocation of palm trees using aerial images. The system uses a Faster R-CNN model trained on a dataset of 10,000 palm tree instances collected in the Kharj region using DJI drones. Geolocation accuracy of 2.8m was achieved using geotagged metadata and photogrammetry techniques.
KAUST scientists discovered a new brine pool in the Red Sea, named the Afifi pool, in collaboration with Saudi Aramco. The Afifi pool is the saltiest known in the Red Sea, six times saltier than surrounding seawater, and is located at a depth of 400 meters. Researchers used a variety of tools including Niskin bottles, an Idronaut CTD, and the Research Vessel Thuwal to characterize the pool's physical and chemical properties and sample its microbiology. Why it matters: This discovery facilitates understanding of the geochemistry and microbiology of extreme ecosystems, potentially aiding in the sustainable conservation of the Red Sea and offering insights into potential extraterrestrial environments.
KAUST researchers suggest antibody testing can complement PCR tests to reduce false negatives in COVID-19 diagnosis. PCR tests can produce false negative results. Immunodiagnostic tests could help identify unknowingly spreading the disease. Why it matters: Improving diagnostic accuracy is critical for effective pandemic control and public health management in Saudi Arabia and globally.
KAUST is offering access to its Shaheen II supercomputer and other computing resources for COVID-19 research projects by researchers across the Kingdom. Researchers can apply for computing allocations by submitting a proposal to projects@hpc.kaust.edu.sa. The resources available include Shaheen II, the Ibex cluster, and support from KSL staff scientists. Why it matters: This initiative will accelerate COVID-19 research in Saudi Arabia by providing access to advanced computing infrastructure and expertise.
Iain McCulloch, director of the KAUST Solar Center, has been elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. McCulloch's research focuses on high-performance organic semiconductor materials for applications such as transparent solar cells and sensors. The Royal Society, founded in 1660, is the UK's national science academy and a fellowship of eminent scientists. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contributions to advanced materials research and its role in fostering scientific talent in the region.
Scientists at the Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) have extensively utilized big data and artificial intelligence technologies in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Their work involved developing tools and methodologies to track disease spread, predict outbreaks, and analyze public sentiment related to health measures. This research aimed to provide data-driven insights to inform public health strategies and decision-making processes. Why it matters: This highlights the significant role of Middle Eastern research institutions in leveraging advanced technologies to address global health crises and contribute to scientific solutions.
The KAUST Pathogen Genomics Laboratory (PGL), led by Professor Arnab Pain, is using DNA and RNA sequencing to study the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The lab is part of KAUST's Rapid Research Response Team (R3T), supporting Saudi healthcare stakeholders in combating COVID-19. Pain and his Ph.D. student Sharif Hala are partnering with the Saudi-CDC and Ministry of Health hospitals to sequence Saudi SARS-CoV-2 samples. Why it matters: This effort provides crucial data for understanding and monitoring the virus's spread and evolution within the Kingdom, informing public health strategies.
KAUST alumnus Eduardo Gorron (M.S. '12) was recruited to KAUST in 2010 as part of its second cohort of students. After graduating, he worked at SABIC on microalgae and brine from seawater, later teaching in Colombia. Currently, Gorron is completing a Ph.D. at the University of Queensland, focusing on synthetic biology to produce recombinant collagen for accelerating wound healing. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in fostering international scientific talent and contributing to advancements in biotechnology and healthcare.
The Inception Team presented a system for Semantic Question Similarity in Arabic as part of the NSURL 2019 Task 8. The system explores different methods for determining question similarity in Arabic. Their best result was an ensemble model using a pre-trained multilingual BERT model, achieving a 95.924% F1-Score and ranking first among nine participating teams. Why it matters: This demonstrates strong performance on a key Arabic NLP task, advancing the state-of-the-art in semantic understanding for the language.
KAUST Professor J. Carlos Santamarina is researching solutions to the global energy challenge, focusing on sustainable energy production while reducing CO2 emissions. He notes the increasing energy demand due to population growth and the limitations of current energy sources. Santamarina emphasizes the need for fuel-producing countries to participate in carbon capture and storage to meet carbon targets. Why it matters: This research contributes to addressing critical sustainability challenges in the region, especially in oil-producing countries like Saudi Arabia.
KAUST reflects on its COVID-19 response, highlighting community efforts, research contributions, and partnerships. Faculty are leveraging expertise in diagnostics, AI therapeutics, genomics, and epidemiology. KAUST is collaborating with the Saudi CDC, Ministry of Health, and other institutions. Why it matters: This demonstrates KAUST's role as a hub for research and innovation, contributing to both national and global health challenges during a crisis.
KAUST scientists and international researchers published a paper in Frontiers in Marine Science detailing marine spatial planning for Saudi's Red Sea Project. The study, involving The Red Sea Development Company (TRSDC), used spatial planning to achieve net positive conservation outcomes for the Al Wajh lagoon. The research targets a net conservation benefit of 30 percent exceeding typical levels. Why it matters: The study demonstrates that coastal development can enhance conservation through careful design, challenging the traditional view of development versus conservation.
A KAUST Rapid Research Response Team (R3T) is collaborating with healthcare stakeholders to combat COVID-19. Xin Gao and his Structural and Functional Bioinformatics (SFB) Group are developing an AI-based diagnosis pipeline from CT scans of COVID-19 patients. The AI pipeline aims to address the high false negative rates associated with nucleic acid detection. Why it matters: This research could improve COVID-19 diagnostics and potentially inform understanding of viral pathogenesis.
KAUST and Industrial Clusters (IC) virtually signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to host a National BioPark project in the KAUST Research and Technology Park (KRTP). The BioPark aims to foster research and technology development in biopharmaceutical, smart health, and associated AI technologies. KAUST will provide BioPark entrepreneurs and investors access to its innovation ecosystem and facilities. Why it matters: This initiative will advance Saudi Arabia's biopharmaceutical industry and align with KAUST's focus on biological sciences, smart health, and AI, contributing to economic diversification.
KAUST professor David Ketcheson uses mathematical modeling to understand COVID-19 transmission. He applies differential equations to explain the progression of SARS-CoV-2, utilizing the SIR model to predict the spread. Ketcheson's analysis suggests that the reproduction number for COVID-19 could be as high as 5, emphasizing the need for social distancing. Why it matters: This highlights the role of mathematical modeling and data analysis in understanding and predicting the spread of infectious diseases, particularly in the context of pandemic response.
KAUST Associate Professor Xiangliang Zhang is using machine learning to analyze social media posts on Twitter related to COVID-19. Her team at KAUST's Computational Bioscience Research Center is analyzing sentiment in tweets using hashtags like #coronavirus and #covid19. Zhang aims to use this data to help predict localized outbreaks and provide an early warning system for governments and organizations. Why it matters: This research demonstrates the potential of AI-powered sentiment analysis to support public health efforts and inform decision-making during pandemics in the Middle East and globally.
KAUST researchers are analyzing the SARS-CoV-2 genome to identify potential targets for treatment and vaccine development. They are using the KAUST Metagenome Analysis Platform (KMAP) and the university's supercomputer to compare and analyze genomic data. The research focuses on identifying key genes for detection and treatment of COVID-19. Why it matters: This research contributes to the global effort to combat the pandemic and highlights KAUST's capabilities in genomic data analysis and computational bioscience.
A KAUST research team is using cellphone mobility data, Google searches, and social media to model and predict COVID-19 spread. The models aim to forecast cases in the coming weeks and inform resource allocation, including hospital beds and medical staff. The team is using aggregated and anonymized data from cellphone companies to respect people's privacy. Why it matters: Integrating real-time digital data with epidemiological modeling can improve the speed and effectiveness of public health responses in the region and globally.
KAUST researchers are addressing the challenge of growing electricity consumption in cooling technologies, as the global demand for air conditioning increases by 3-4% annually. In Saudi Arabia, cooling systems account for up to 70% of electricity usage during the summer. Researchers at KAUST's Water Desalination and Reuse Center are exploring ways to improve the energy efficiency of chillers to reduce costs and CO2 emissions. Why it matters: Improving cooling efficiency is critical for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions, especially in hot climates like Saudi Arabia and other GCC countries.
KAUST Professor Iain McCulloch has received the 2020 Blaise Pascal Medal for Materials Science from the European Academy of Sciences (EurASc). McCulloch directs KAUST's Solar Center and also holds a professorship at Imperial College London. His research focuses on semiconducting small molecules and polymers for organic electronic devices, leading to advancements in organic solar cells. Why it matters: This award highlights KAUST's contributions to materials science and its focus on advancing solar energy technologies in the region.
Dr. Rusty Brainard, the chief environmental officer at The Red Sea Development Company (TRSDC), has been appointed courtesy professor of marine science at KAUST's Red Sea Research Center. He will continue his role at TRSDC, leading efforts to enhance biodiversity and implement carbon neutrality. The appointment aims to foster collaboration between TRSDC and KAUST in marine research and sustainable development. Why it matters: This appointment strengthens ties between academia and industry in Saudi Arabia to advance sustainability goals and promote responsible development of the Red Sea region.
Afrah Alothman, a Ph.D. student in marine science at KAUST, is conducting research in the Red Sea, studying the impact of various variables on the marine environment. She collects seawater samples from different depths to measure temperature, nutrients, and salinity, and quantifies carbon uptake by planktonic microorganisms. Her supervisor, Susana Agusti, praised her efforts during a challenging oceanographic cruise. Why it matters: This research contributes to Saudi Vision 2030 by developing local expertise in marine science and understanding the Red Sea ecosystem.
KAUST researchers are studying coral reefs in the Northern Red Sea, which exhibit unusual heat tolerance, surviving temperatures 5°C above the mean summer maximum. This resilience makes them a potential refuge for coral, offering a "climate change insurance" for the next 100 years. Researchers aim to understand the mechanisms behind this thermotolerance to aid coral conservation efforts globally. Why it matters: Understanding and preserving these unique coral reefs could provide crucial insights and strategies for protecting coral ecosystems worldwide in the face of rising ocean temperatures.
KAUST Professors William Roberts and Robert Dibble were inducted as Fellows of The Combustion Institute (CI) in February. Roberts was recognized for his work on laminar flames, turbulent combustion, and soot formation at elevated pressures. Dibble was inducted for exceptional contributions to developing and using laser diagnostics for combustion research. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contributions to combustion research and strengthens its position as a leading institution in the field, attracting top students and researchers.
Victor Vescovo and the Caladan Oceanic crew, in cooperation with KAUST, made multiple manned dives into the Red Sea. They reached the deepest point, the Suakin Trough, for the first time. The team also dove the Kebrit Deep, which is shallower but scientifically important. Why it matters: This exploration provides an opportunity to study and protect the unique resources of the Red Sea's deepest regions, furthering scientific understanding of these previously inaccessible environments.
KAUST Ph.D. student Anna Fruehstueck won a 2020 Facebook Fellowship award, a two-year fellowship from Facebook Research, focusing on computer graphics. She was selected as one of 36 recipients from over 1,800 applicants and is the University's first recipient of the scholarship. Her research explores the intersection of computer graphics, geometry processing, and visual arts using machine learning. Why it matters: This award highlights the growing prominence of KAUST in computer science research and its ability to attract and foster top talent in the field.
KAUST postdoctoral fellow Daffne López-Sandoval's marine science research was inspired by Jacques Cousteau's ocean exploration documentaries. She joined KAUST in October 2016 after working at the Institute of Marine Sciences in Barcelona, drawn by the university's potential and opportunities for collaboration. At KAUST, her research focuses on developing new tools to measure microalgae productivity in the Red Sea. Why it matters: This research contributes to understanding the role of marine microbes in the Red Sea ecosystem and their impact on global CO2 sequestration.
KAUST Ph.D. student Zhuo Qu and fellow students from the Statistics Program launched the first American Statistical Association (ASA) student chapter outside of the U.S. in October 2019. The chapter aims to encourage and provide opportunities for KAUST students interested in statistics to connect with statisticians worldwide. In 2020, the chapter plans to organize seminars and connect students interested in statistics and data mining. Why it matters: This initiative highlights KAUST's commitment to fostering a global network of statisticians and promoting data analysis skills among its students, enhancing its role as a hub for international collaboration in STEM fields.
KAUST researchers discovered that dust from the Middle East has a cooling effect over land and the Red Sea. Satellite data indicates dust concentration over the Red Sea is greater than over land, causing significant radiative cooling. The study, published in the Journal of Geographical Research, highlights the climatological dust radiative forcing over the southern Red Sea as the largest globally. Why it matters: Understanding the impact of regional dust on climate change and the Red Sea's ecosystem is crucial for environmental strategies in the Middle East.
KAUST Ph.D. student Michał Mańkowski's research on kidney allocation strategies was recognized as one of the American Journal of Transplantation's "Top 10 Articles of 2019." The research demonstrated how an accelerated allocation strategy could increase the utilization of kidneys at risk for non-use, potentially reducing discard rates. Mańkowski aims to translate his U.S.-focused research to improve organ transplantation within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system. Why it matters: This research has the potential to improve organ transplant outcomes and resource allocation in Saudi Arabia, addressing a critical healthcare need.
KAUST research scientist Viko Ladelta received the best poster award at the 16th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC-16) in Singapore for his work on multicrystalline multiblock polymers. The award-winning research, co-authored with Nikos Hadjichristidis, details a one-pot synthetic strategy using organocatalysts. PPC-16 brought together over 1,000 polymer scientists from 16 countries to discuss polymer research. Why it matters: This award recognizes KAUST's contributions to advanced polymer science, highlighting the university's role in international research and innovation in materials science.
KAUST Ph.D. student Gaurav Agarwal won the best student paper award at the International Indian Statistical Association's 2019 Student Paper Competition for his work on the joint distribution of wind speed and direction. Agarwal's research involved developing a visualization tool for bivariate functional data, which can be used in climate and weather prediction models. He also received a scholarship based on his contributions using R. Why it matters: This award recognizes innovative work in environmental statistics at KAUST, highlighting the university's contributions to data science and statistical learning with applications to climate modeling.
KAUST and Saudi Arabia's National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on February 5 to strengthen national cybersecurity. The collaboration includes developing educational programs, consulting on curricula, and sharing information on the national cybersecurity workforce. The MoU also covers joint research projects, technical meetings, and forums to present research and expertise. Why it matters: This partnership aims to enhance Saudi Arabia's cybersecurity capabilities through education, research, and knowledge exchange, aligning with national strategic goals.
KAUST Professor Marc Genton has been selected as the 2020 Georges Matheron Lecturer of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences. Genton will present a lecture at the 36th International Geological Congress in Delhi, India, focusing on geostatistics, climate model outputs, and the ExaGeoStat software developed at KAUST. His lecture will cover Matheron's theory of regionalized variables and showcase ExaGeoStat, a high-performance software for geostatistics with exascale computing capability developed at KAUST. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contributions to advanced statistical methods and high-performance computing in geosciences, enhancing its international reputation in these fields.
KAUST alumna Dina Bashir Abusamra, who received her master's degree in 2010 and Ph.D. in 2016 from KAUST, is now a postdoctoral research fellow at the Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School. Her early research at KAUST focused on understanding the mechanisms by which transplanted hematopoietic stem cells home back to bone marrow, specifically studying glycan-binding proteins like selectin. She now studies the role of glycan-binding proteins and galectins in microenvironment modulation. Why it matters: This highlights the impact of KAUST in fostering scientific talent and contributing to research in biomedical engineering and bioscience, with alumni now making contributions at leading international research institutions.
Kuwait has launched a Robotics and AI Festival, as reported by Global Times, signifying an initiative to promote technological advancement. This event aims to showcase innovations, foster talent, and enhance public engagement in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence. The festival likely includes exhibitions, workshops, and discussions to encourage local development and awareness. Why it matters: This initiative reflects Kuwait's strategic commitment to building its technological capabilities and nurturing a skilled workforce in critical future-oriented sectors, aligning with broader regional efforts in AI development.
KAUST Professor Carlos M. Duarte received a Frontiers of Knowledge Award for Ecology and Conservation Biology from Fundación BBVA in Spain. Duarte's research focuses on global marine science problems and his contributions to Saudi Vision 2030. The award recognizes his leadership and dedication to expanding knowledge of ocean flora, fauna, and their carbon sequestering capacities. Why it matters: Recognition of KAUST faculty highlights the university's growing prominence in environmental research and its alignment with Saudi Arabia's sustainability goals.