General AI research publications from MBZUAI, KAUST, TII, QCRI, and other GCC institutions, including conference papers, journal articles, and preprints.
KAUST researchers have developed a surface treatment for jute storage bags to prevent moisture-induced damage to stored grains. The treatment involves roughening the jute surface with an alkali and applying a thin layer of paraffin wax. Experiments showed that seed moisture content reduced by up to 7.5 percent in wax-coated bags, and seed germination efficacy after storage was up to 35 percent higher. Why it matters: This simple, scalable technique could significantly reduce grain losses in developing countries and provide an environmentally friendly alternative for grain storage.
KAUST alumnus Grant Hill-Cawthorne, who earned a Ph.D. in pathogen genomics in 2013, is now the director of research at the UK Parliament. Hill-Cawthorne's work at KAUST involved establishing the Pathogen Genomics Laboratory with a focus on mass gatherings like Hajj and their influence on disease spread. He also worked with the Saudi Ministry of Health to study respiratory samples from Hajj pilgrims. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in training researchers who go on to influence global health policy and research, particularly in areas relevant to Saudi Arabia's unique context.
KAUST researchers have recreated a 1917 coral reef survey in American Samoa to analyze a century of reef change. Marine biologist Alfred Mayor's original survey documented the reefs surrounding Pago Pago Harbor. The resurveyed data reveals patterns useful for reef management and protection amid declining coral reefs worldwide. Why it matters: This long-term study provides critical insights into coral reef resilience and the impact of climate change, informing conservation efforts in the Red Sea and beyond.
KAUST and Japan's NHK have signed an agreement for NHK to film the Red Sea in 8K high-definition as part of the "Deep Ocean" documentary series. The filming will be coordinated with researchers from KAUST's Red Sea Research Center, covering a range of subjects from coral reefs to deep-sea brine pools. The collaboration, initiated in 2019, was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Why it matters: This partnership will showcase the Red Sea's unique biodiversity and KAUST's marine research capabilities to a global audience, highlighting Saudi Arabia's focus on environmental research and its Red Sea giga-projects.
Researchers created Masader, the largest public catalog for Arabic NLP datasets, containing 200 datasets annotated with 25 attributes. They developed a metadata annotation strategy applicable to other languages. The paper highlights issues within current Arabic NLP datasets and suggests recommendations. Why it matters: This curated dataset directory helps lower the barrier to entry for Arabic NLP research and development.
Five KAUST professors (Mohamed Eddaoudi, Omar F. Mohammed, Nivine Khashab, Osman Bakr, and Yu Han) have been elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry for their work in materials science. Eddaoudi's work focuses on developing functional porous materials like KAUST-7 for carbon capture, aiming to reduce carbon emissions. Mohammed's group studies charge carrier dynamics at material surfaces. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing influence in advanced materials research and its contributions to addressing global challenges such as carbon capture and energy efficiency.
KAUST researchers propose using tethered unmanned aerial vehicles (TUAVs) with cellphone antennas to address public concerns about EMF exposure from mobile networks. The TUAVs would receive signals, reducing users' uplink exposure and employing low power 'green antennas' that do not radiate EMF. A network of ground stations would provide power and broadband data links to the TUAVs. Why it matters: The system could allow the development of 6G mobile systems to continue while decreasing EMF exposure, and the team has already applied for a U.S. patent for their proposal, indicating significant commercial potential.
KAUST researchers developed VENTIBAG, a mobile AI-powered ventilator, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The device extracts and delivers pure oxygen, adjusting support based on real-time monitoring of the patient's condition via cloud connectivity. Funded by a KAUST Innovation Challenge grant, the portable ventilator is now advancing to the testing stage for medical applications. Why it matters: This innovation addresses critical needs for remote patient care and reducing hospital overcrowding, particularly relevant in resource-constrained environments.
KAUST organized an Arabic Sentiment Analysis Challenge where participants developed ML models to classify tweets as positive, negative, or neutral. The competition used the ASAD dataset with 55K tweets for training, 20K for validation, and 20K for final evaluation. The full dataset of 100K labeled tweets has been released for public use.
KAUST has joined the Saudi Venture Capital and Private Equity Association (VCPEA) to support the Kingdom's deep tech startup ecosystem. The partnership will allow KAUST Innovation Ventures to further support early-stage startups. In 2020, Saudi startups saw a 55% increase in venture capital funding, reaching $152 million. Why it matters: This collaboration aims to connect KAUST's research and innovation with VCPEA's investment network, fostering the growth of Saudi Arabia's deep tech sector in line with Vision 2030.
KAUST researchers are studying ancient supervolcanoes, like the Toba eruption 75,000 years ago, to understand current and future climate conditions. Volcanic eruptions serve as natural experiments that push the climate system to its limits, helping scientists understand climate's physical mechanisms. Research shows that volcanic eruptions delayed global warming by about 30% starting from 1850. Why it matters: Understanding the impact of volcanic activity on climate change can improve predictions of future global warming, particularly in regions like the Middle East which are strongly affected by volcanic events.
A team of KAUST researchers led by Abdulwahab Felemban won first place in the Digital Research track at the inaugural Digital Innovation Awards from MCIT for their AI-driven water tap, Smart-Tap. Smart-Tap uses AI to personalize water flow and pressure, reducing waste by up to 43% compared to infrared taps. The project was inspired by the water waste observed during the Wudu ritual. Why it matters: This award highlights the potential of AI-driven solutions developed in Saudi Arabia to address critical sustainability challenges like water conservation, aligning with the Kingdom's National Water Strategy 2030.
KAUST's Bioscience Core Lab (BCL) supports regional and global health initiatives through industry partnerships, offering expertise and technology access to organizations like SaudiVax. BCL aids SaudiVax in developing vaccines and monoclonal antibodies tailored to the needs of Saudi Arabia and the MENA region, focusing on respiratory diseases like MERS and COVID-19. SaudiVax is also collaborating with KAUST to research a new preventative drug targeting SARS-CoV-2. Why it matters: This strengthens Saudi Arabia's capabilities in vaccine development and biomanufacturing, addressing critical healthcare needs in the region and reducing reliance on external sources.
This paper surveys machine learning approaches using monument pictures for analyzing heritage sites in India. It addresses challenges in the tourism sector, such as the unavailability of trained personnel and the lack of accurate information. The research aims to provide insights for building an automated decision system to modernize the tourism experience for visitors in India.
The KAUST Supercomputing Core Lab (KSL) and the National Center of Meteorology (NCM) have been collaborating since 2016 to enhance weather forecasting capabilities in Saudi Arabia. KSL provides consultation, data storage, and computing time on the Shaheen II supercomputer to NCM. This collaboration has led to a significant increase in NCM's HPC facility computing capacity, from 10 to 380 TFLOPS, with ongoing work to reach 1.8 PFLOPS. Why it matters: This partnership strengthens Saudi Arabia's ability to provide accurate and timely weather forecasts, crucial for public safety, aviation, and national security, demonstrating the importance of HPC in addressing critical environmental challenges.
This paper presents the design and deployment of an autonomous unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) equipped with a robotic arm for urban firefighting. The UGV uses on-board sensors for navigation and a thermal camera for fire source identification, with a custom pump for fire suppression. The system was developed for the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC) 2020, where it achieved the highest score among UGV solutions and contributed to winning first place. Why it matters: This demonstrates the potential of autonomous robotics in addressing complex and dangerous real-world challenges like urban firefighting in the GCC region and beyond.
This paper analyzes the impact of device uncertainties on deep neural networks (DNNs) in emerging device-based Computing-in-memory (CiM) systems. The authors propose UAE, an uncertainty-aware Neural Architecture Search scheme, to identify DNN models robust to these uncertainties. The goal is to mitigate accuracy drops when deploying trained models on real-world platforms.
A Carnegie Mellon team (Tartan) presented their approach to rapidly deployable and robust autonomous aerial vehicles at the 2020 Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC). The system utilizes common techniques in vision and control, encoding robustness into mission structure through outcome monitoring and recovery strategies. Their system placed fourth in Challenge 2 and seventh in the Grand Challenge, with achievements in balloon popping, block manipulation, and autonomous firefighting. Why it matters: The work highlights strategies for building robust autonomous systems that can operate without central communication or high-precision GPS in challenging real-world environments, directly addressing key needs in the development of field robotics for the Middle East.
KAUST and The Red Sea Development Company (TRSDC) collaborated to release two Hawksbill sea turtles, named Amal and Hayat, near Al Wakati island. KAUST alumna Royale Hardenstine and TRSDC's Khalid Aldahlawi lead the initiative and train local volunteers as environmental stewards. The work is a collaboration between TRSDC, KAUST and Fakeeh Aquarium. Why it matters: This initiative highlights the growing focus on environmental preservation and biodiversity conservation efforts in Saudi Arabia, leveraging local expertise and international collaboration.
KAUST researchers are working on green hydrogen production, which uses renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The current methods are capital intensive and require desalinated water, which is scarce in desert regions. KAUST is partnering with NEOM, a futuristic region on the Red Sea, where green hydrogen will be an important part of the economy. Why it matters: Innovations in green hydrogen production and cost reduction will be critical for sustainable energy in regions like Saudi Arabia.
KAUST and the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP) will establish a capability center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in Saudi Arabia's western region. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed by KAUST President Dr. Tony Chan and NIDLP CEO Eng. Suliman Al Mazroua. The center aims to accelerate the adoption of 4IR technologies in sectors like industry, mining, energy and logistics. Why it matters: This partnership will drive digital transformation and economic diversification in line with Saudi Vision 2030 by fostering local capabilities in advanced technologies.
This paper presents a UAV-UGV team designed for autonomous firefighting, developed for the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC) 2020. The system uses LiDAR for localization in GNSS-restricted environments and fuses LiDAR and thermal camera data to track fires. Relative navigation enables successful fire extinguishing. Why it matters: This research demonstrates the potential of robotic systems in autonomous firefighting, addressing challenges in dangerous and inaccessible environments, and advancing robotics research within the UAE.
KAUST students Daniya Boges and Dr. Corrado Calì developed an AR tool for medical applications, leading to the startup IntraVides. The project was supported by KAUST's Smart Health Initiative, which provided access to AR/VR facilities and seed funding through the KAUST Innovation Fund. The KAUST Entrepreneurship Center also helped incubate the idea from concept to business. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in healthcare through strategic investments in advanced technology and dedicated support programs.
KAUST researchers developed CovMT, a COVID-19 mutation tracking system for authorities and scientists to detect variants. CovMT tracks mutation fingerprints using daily data from the GISAID database of over 1.5 million viral genomes. The system identifies mutation hot spots, enabling public health authorities to stay ahead of new variants. Why it matters: This system provides a tool for rapid variant detection and informed public health decision-making in the region and globally.
A KAUST-led meta-study published in Science examines the increasing ocean noise pollution from human activities like shipping and seismic blasting. The study synthesizes findings from 10,000 papers, revealing that anthropogenic noise interferes with marine animals' communication and ecological processes. The research highlights the need for policymakers to address this issue for ocean health and sustainable economies. Why it matters: Understanding and mitigating ocean noise pollution is crucial for preserving marine ecosystems and the biodiversity of the Red Sea.
KAUST and Leica Microsystems have renewed their partnership for the KAUST-Leica Center of Excellence for Optical Microscopy. The partnership has supported studies such as 3D-printed microneedles and climate adaptation in date palms, utilizing Leica's LIGHTNING technology. The Center of Excellence also hosts joint technological forums and outreach activities to develop local and regional expertise. Why it matters: The renewal strengthens KAUST's research and education in optical microscopy, fostering collaboration within Saudi Arabia and the broader region to build advanced expertise in this field.
Team NimbRo presented their UGV solution for autonomous wall building and firefighting at the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge (MBZIRC) 2020. The robot integrates a wheeled omnidirectional base, a 6 DoF manipulator arm with a magnetic gripper, a storage system, and a water spraying system. It uses 3D LiDAR, RGB, and thermal cameras to perceive the environment, pick up boxes, construct walls, and detect/extinguish fires. Why it matters: The work highlights advancements in autonomous robotics for complex tasks relevant to construction and disaster response in the UAE and globally.
KAUST President Tony Chan joined leaders from 57 universities to release a joint statement calling for accelerated action on the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The statement was made at a virtual forum held by China's Zhejiang University on March 24. University leaders reaffirmed their commitment to solidarity, resilience and prosperity through education, research, innovation and partnership. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's commitment to aligning its research and initiatives with global sustainability goals, strengthening its position as a leader in addressing global challenges.
Extreme E racing series is collaborating with KAUST and the Ba'a Foundation to conserve endangered turtles in Saudi Arabia. Rising sea levels have led to a 90% mortality rate of turtle eggs in 2019, threatening the already endangered species. The collaboration aims to protect turtle nesting sites along the Red Sea coastline. Why it matters: This initiative highlights the potential for partnerships between sports, academia, and conservation organizations to address climate change impacts on vulnerable ecosystems in the region.
KAUST alumnus Dr. Muhammed Sameed works at CERN on the ALPHA project, studying antimatter. The project aims to understand why there is so little antimatter in the universe, given that physics equations predict equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Sameed's work involves creating, trapping, and studying antimatter particles in a controlled lab environment. Why it matters: This research advances our understanding of fundamental physics and the composition of the universe, with a KAUST alumnus playing a key role.
This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 spread and weather patterns across 89 cities in Saudi Arabia using machine learning. The study uses daily COVID-19 case reports from the Saudi Ministry of Health and historical weather data. The results indicate that temperature and wind speed have the strongest correlation with the spread of COVID-19, with a random forest model achieving the best performance.
KAUST Professor Xin Gao, lead of the Structural and Functional Bioinformatics Group, advocates for interdisciplinarity in academic research, specifically merging AI and bioinformatics. Gao, formally trained in computer science with no formal biology training, integrated biological knowledge independently. At KAUST, he synchronized bioinformatics, machine learning, and AI, despite the challenges of dividing efforts between disciplines. Why it matters: Gao's success highlights the growing importance of interdisciplinary approaches in AI research, particularly in bridging computational methods with specialized domains like biomedicine to drive innovation.
KAUST's Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) department recently hosted a webinar on radiation protection and safety in research, industry and medicine, in cooperation with the Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Commission (NRRC). KAUST is the only university in the Kingdom conducting research using open radioactive sources and has a dedicated radiation labeling laboratory. The webinar was broadcast live to approximately 400 attendees from 16 different countries. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's leadership role in radiation safety and its commitment to promoting best practices in the region.
KAUST's Workshops Core Lab launched the first scientific glassblowing apprenticeship program in Saudi Arabia. The program trains Saudi apprentices in the specialized skills of scientific glassblowing, essential for creating and repairing glassware used in research. Apprentices Faisal Nour and Mohammed Al-Amri began training in 2020 and will undergo 7,000 hours of mentorship. Why it matters: This initiative addresses a critical gap in scientific infrastructure and expertise within Saudi Arabia, fostering self-sufficiency in research support and potentially establishing KAUST as a regional center for glassblowing consultation.
KAUST and Bruker have renewed their Memorandum of Understanding and expanded it into a Strategic Partnership and Collaboration Agreement. The initial MoU launched the KAUST-Bruker Center of Excellence (CoE) for Magnetic Resonance (MR) located in the University's Core Laboratories in 2018. The expanded agreement extends the CoE to include X-ray technologies, enhancing technological interaction between the two organizations. Why it matters: This partnership strengthens KAUST's research capabilities and positions it as a leader in scientific innovation in Saudi Arabia and the wider region.
KAUST researchers Yichen Cai and Jie Shen, led by Dr. Vincent Tung, are developing electronic skin (e-skin) using 2D materials like MXenes. Their research, published in Science Advances, focuses on mimicking human skin functions like sensing and adapting to stimuli. The team leverages the unique properties of 2D materials to create flexible and efficient electronic systems for next-generation electronics. Why it matters: This work advances materials science in the region, potentially enabling breakthroughs in flexible electronics, healthcare monitoring, and robotics.
KAUST Professor Pierre Magistretti participated in the U.S.-Saudi Arabia Business Leaders Virtual Forum, organized by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the Saudi Ministry of Investment. Magistretti spoke on a panel about healthcare innovation alongside representatives from Pfizer, Abbott, and the Saudi Ministry of Investment. KAUST's Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) aims to translate scientific discoveries into clinical tools. Why it matters: This participation highlights KAUST's growing role in shaping healthcare innovation within the Kingdom and fostering international collaborations in the field.
KAUST has launched the Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) to integrate smart technology into the Saudi healthcare system. The SHI aims to collaborate with hospitals and academic institutions to implement smart-health tools for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. It focuses on precision medicine approaches for widespread diseases like metabolic syndrome disorders, genetic and infectious diseases. Why it matters: This initiative could modernize the Kingdom's healthcare system and promote personalized medicine by developing translational research programs and training clinicians in precision medicine.
KAUST and Tabadul, Saudi Arabia's digital logistics services provider, have signed an MoU to collaborate on research and innovation projects aimed at advancing global trade in the Kingdom. Tabadul will leverage KAUST's expertise in AI, Blockchain, and related areas to enhance efficiency in logistics and mobility. The partnership aims to launch technology innovation activities and explore big data analytics and AI/ML solutions to enhance Tabadul's platforms. Why it matters: This collaboration aims to transform Saudi Arabia into a high-tech logistics hub, aligning with Vision 2030 and attracting investments in the logistics sector.
KAUST Professor Carlos Duarte has been appointed to the Scientific Committee of Extreme E, an electric SUV racing series. Duarte's expertise in marine ecosystems and Red Sea ecology will advise Extreme E, especially concerning its Saudi Arabian Desert X Prix. Extreme E aims to raise awareness of climate change impacts in endangered environments and promote electric vehicle adoption. Why it matters: This appointment brings KAUST's ecological expertise to a global platform focused on sustainability, aligning regional research with international environmental initiatives.
This paper focuses on analyzing surveys of women entrepreneurs in the UAE using machine learning techniques. The goal is to extract relevant insights from the data to understand the current landscape and predict future trends. The study aims to support better business decisions related to women in entrepreneurship.
KAUST Professor of Electrical Engineering Ahmed Eltawil has been elected a Senior Member of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI). The NAI Senior Member program recognizes faculty with success in patents, licensing, and commercialization. Eltawil's research focuses on efficient architectures for computing and communications systems, including wireless, mobile, sensor networks, and machine learning. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's innovative ecosystem and Eltawil's contributions to advancing computing and communication technologies in the region.
This paper presents team SPPU-AASM's hybrid model for Arabic sarcasm and sentiment detection in the WANLP ArSarcasm shared task 2021. The model combines sentence representations from AraBERT with static word vectors trained on Arabic social media corpora. Results show the system achieves an F1-sarcastic score of 0.62 and a F-PN score of 0.715, outperforming existing approaches. Why it matters: The research demonstrates that combining context-free and contextualized representations improves performance in nuanced Arabic NLP tasks like sarcasm and sentiment analysis.
KAUST Ph.D. student Saeed Amin is the first Saudi to complete KAUST's American Academy of Underwater Sciences-accredited Scientific Research Diver Certification course. The course, introduced in February 2020 by KAUST's Coastal and Marine Resources Core Lab, is the first of its kind conducted in Saudi Arabia. KAUST's CMR collaborates with the Saudi Water Sports & Diving Federation to advise on scientific diver regulations. Why it matters: This establishes local capacity for underwater marine research, contributing to Saudi Vision 2030's goals for a highly skilled workforce.
KAUST Professor Håvard Rue was honored by the Royal Statistical Society (RSS) with the Guy Medal in Silver for his work on efficient computational techniques. The award recognizes Rue's contributions to the theory underpinning the INLA software, particularly through two influential papers on approximate Bayesian inference and Gaussian fields. Rue's research focuses on computational Bayesian statistics and Bayesian methodology, with the R-INLA project being a core part of his work. Why it matters: Recognition of KAUST faculty by international organizations highlights the institution's growing prominence in statistical research and computational modeling.
This paper introduces a novel two-step method for predicting urban expansion using time-series satellite imagery. The approach combines semantic image segmentation with a CNN-LSTM model to learn temporal features. Experiments on satellite images from Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam in Saudi Arabia demonstrate improved performance compared to existing methods based on Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Structural Similarity Index, and overall classification accuracy.
Researchers studied user lifetime prediction in the location-based social network Jodel within Saudi Arabia, leveraging its disjoint communities. Machine learning models, particularly Random Forest, were trained to predict user lifetime as a regression and classification problem. A single countrywide model generalizes well and performs similarly to community-specific models.
MEDAD, a KAUST spin-off, won the 2020 MEED Sustainability Medal for its "Innovative Hybrid Solar Desalination Cycle." The MEDAD hybrid cycle desalinates seawater using solar energy at 60-80 degrees Celsius, combining adsorption with multi-effect desalination. The cycle achieved performance levels of 20% of thermodynamic limits and a water production cost of $0.48/m3. Why it matters: This award recognizes the potential of KAUST-developed technology to address critical water scarcity challenges in the GCC region through sustainable and cost-effective desalination.
KAUST researchers led by Andrea Fratalocchi are developing a nanomaterial, initially recognized as the "blackest black" by Guinness World Records, to enhance solar cell efficiency. The material, made from gold nanoparticles, absorbs over 99% of visible light and 98% of infrared. The team is working to create the material from less costly alternatives to gold for energy production applications. Why it matters: This research could lead to significant advancements in solar energy harvesting, addressing a critical need for efficient light absorption in renewable energy technologies within the region and globally.
KAUST and the Future Investment Initiative (FII) Institute signed an MoU on January 27 to collaborate on research and facilitate access to scientific knowledge. The agreement was signed by KAUST President Tony Chan and FII Institute CEO Richard Attias at the fourth edition of the FII in Riyadh. The partnership aims to contribute to international development and welfare through actionable technological progress. Why it matters: This MoU signifies KAUST's commitment to translating research into tangible solutions for global challenges, aligning with Saudi Arabia's broader vision for innovation and development.