General AI research publications from MBZUAI, KAUST, TII, QCRI, and other GCC institutions, including conference papers, journal articles, and preprints.
KAUST Associate Professor of Marine Science Raquel Peixoto has been named a Fellow of the International Coral Reef Society (ICRS) for her work on coral probiotics. Peixoto's research at KAUST demonstrates that manipulating coral-associated microorganisms can prevent coral mortality and increase resilience to environmental threats. ICRS recognized Peixoto for contributions as a longstanding member of the society. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's research impact in marine science and the growing importance of microbiome research for addressing environmental challenges like coral reef degradation.
KAUST community members planted mangrove trees in the university's coastal wetlands as part of the 2022 Winter Enrichment Program (WEP). Mangrove forests are recognized as important carbon sinks, with KAUST hosting a thriving mangrove forest spanning over 110 hectares. The mangrove planting project was initiated to raise awareness of the negative environmental impact associated with travel-related carbon emissions from events like WEP. Why it matters: This initiative highlights the potential of mangrove forests in carbon offsetting and demonstrates KAUST's commitment to environmental sustainability.
Researchers developed COVIBOT, a smart chatbot to spread awareness and assist during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The chatbot uses Azure Cognitive Services and is available in both English and Arabic. COVIBOT's use cases were tested and validated using a scenario-based approach.
KAUST and KACST co-organized the KSA Future of Semiconductors Forum in Riyadh to explore strategies for developing a semiconductor industry in Saudi Arabia. Participants discussed the critical need to secure the global supply chain for semiconductors, especially with rising demand from AI and other fields. KAUST faculty member Dr. Xiaohang Li noted that local semiconductor researchers and developers can play a key role in diversifying the Saudi economy. Why it matters: Developing a domestic semiconductor industry would support Saudi Arabia's ambitions in AI and other technology sectors while enhancing economic diversification and national security.
Emaar, The Economic City (EEC) and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to collaborate on various areas, including community lifestyle, education, transportation, and smart city solutions. The agreement aims to align with KAUST’s research pillars and KAEC’s business strategy. The collaboration also seeks to support the Kingdom's sustainable development goals and drive innovation. Why it matters: This partnership between a leading economic city developer and a top research university in Saudi Arabia has the potential to foster innovation, create jobs, and improve the quality of life in the region, contributing to the goals of Vision 2030.
Professor Nikos Hadjichristidis, a distinguished professor of chemical science at KAUST, has been named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Hadjichristidis has been working in polymers for over 50 years and arrived at KAUST in 2011 to build a globally renowned polymer synthesis laboratory. At KAUST, he helped develop a lab capable of combining almost all methods of polymerization to make unique polymers with different structures. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing prominence in advanced materials research and its ability to attract and foster world-class scientific talent.
KAUST Ph.D. student Afrah Alothman is participating in the OceanX mission, exploring the Red Sea using advanced technology like manned submersibles. Alothman, also a mother of four, previously studied at King Faisal University and Dalhousie University, focusing on marine biology and climate change. She is the only Arab woman working on Phase 1 of the OceanXmission. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in marine research and the increasing participation of Arab women in STEM fields, addressing critical environmental challenges in the region.
The Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) has introduced PDNS-Net, a large heterogeneous graph dataset for malicious domain classification, containing 447K nodes and 897K edges. It is significantly larger than existing heterogeneous graph datasets like IMDB and DBLP. Preliminary evaluations using graph neural networks indicate that further research is needed to improve model performance on large heterogeneous graphs. Why it matters: This dataset will enable researchers to develop and benchmark graph learning algorithms on a scale relevant to real-world cybersecurity applications, particularly for identifying and mitigating malicious online activity.
KAUST's Hydrology, Agriculture and Land Observation Lab (HALO) uses remote sensing tools like drones to map and monitor agricultural sites, including one of the world's largest olive farms in Al Jouf. They also collaborate with the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture of Saudi Arabia and the Center for Desert Agriculture. HALO's mangrove project focuses on carbon sequestration by Avicennia marina mangroves in the Red Sea as part of the KAUST Circular Carbon Initiative. Why it matters: This research contributes to understanding and promoting the conservation of mangrove ecosystems for carbon neutrality in line with Saudi Arabia's sustainability goals.
KAUST researchers from the Red Sea Research Center are studying mesophotic reefs (40-150m deep) as potential climate refuges for corals threatened by marine heatwaves. These deeper reefs experience less heat and light stress compared to shallow-water corals. Advanced tools like submarines and robots are now enabling the study of these previously neglected ecosystems. Why it matters: Understanding the resilience of Red Sea corals could provide crucial insights for global coral reef conservation strategies amid climate change.
KAUST researchers are simulating cyberattacks on microgrids to assess their impact and develop detection/suppression methods. They used the Canadian urban distribution model with four inverter-based distributed generations (DGs) to capture system dynamics. The simulations considered attacks altering measurement data, modifying control signals, and causing sudden load changes, all of which had damaging effects. Why it matters: This research is crucial for ensuring the resilience of increasingly complex microgrids against cyber threats, especially as they become more integrated into critical infrastructure.
A KAUST team developed piRNAi, a gene-silencing tool in nematode worms using synthetic RNA sequences interacting with the piRNA pathway. They successfully silenced genes involved in sex determination and other functions, demonstrating multiplexed gene silencing. The gene silencing lasted for varying durations across generations, up to six generations. Why it matters: This expands the molecular toolkit for gene manipulation and offers potential therapeutic applications in humans, given the presence of the same gene-silencing pathway.
Iain Young, current Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney, will become the new Dean of the KAUST Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) in mid-2022. Young brings over 30 years of academic experience and expertise in soil biophysics and multidisciplinary research. He aims to support KAUST's vision for a sustainable future by focusing on academic excellence in teaching and research, and building connections between research in food, water, energy, and the environment. Why it matters: This appointment strengthens KAUST's leadership in critical areas like desert agriculture and environmental sustainability, aligning with Saudi Arabia's goals for water efficiency and food security.
KAUST hosted the KAUST Ignite ideation challenge with 90+ students from Saudi universities participating. The three-day event partnered with the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, SWCC, and SAEI, challenging students to address regional and global issues. Participants formed teams to develop solutions for real-world challenges in water, aviation, and the Hajj experience, presenting their ideas to judges. Why it matters: This initiative fosters innovation and entrepreneurship among Saudi students, addressing critical challenges and contributing to Saudi Arabia's economic transformation.
KAUST Professor Mootaz Elnozahy has been elected as a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI) in recognition of his 38-year career and 58 patents. His work focuses on energy-efficient computer systems, high-performance computing, and resilience. Elnozahy's early work includes building the world's first energy-efficient computer server, which influenced commercial IBM servers. Why it matters: This recognition highlights the growing importance of sustainability in computing and underscores KAUST's contributions to innovative solutions for energy efficiency in the tech sector.
KAUST faculty members Carlos Duarte, Matthew F. McCabe, Mark Tester, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, and Håvard Rue have been named to the 2023 Highly Cited Researchers list. Their research spans biological oceanography, remote sensing, plant science, wireless communications, and Bayesian statistics. Mark Tester has been cited over 40,000 times, while Mohamed-Slim Alouini focuses on developing aerial and space networks for remote areas. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing impact and contribution to global research in diverse fields, reinforcing its position as a leading research institution in the region.
KAUST researchers found a 25-30% increase in winter rainfall in the eastern Arabian Peninsula since 1981, with a 10-20% decrease in the south and northeast. This change correlates with a shifting El Niño pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean, affecting sea surface temperatures and westerly winds. The study used rainfall data from the University of East Anglia and 39 stations across the peninsula from 1951-2010. Why it matters: Improved understanding of these climate drivers could enhance long-term rainfall predictions, benefiting agriculture and water resource management in this arid region.
This paper presents an experience report on teaching an AI course to business executives in the UAE. The course focuses on enabling students to understand how to incorporate AI into existing business processes, rather than focusing only on theoretical and technical aspects. The paper discusses the course overview, curriculum, teaching methods, and reflections on teaching adult learners in the UAE.
KAUST's Women to Impact (WTI) initiative announced the winners of its Resilience Challenge, a global competition seeking tech-based solutions for building resilience in local ecosystems. The challenge, sponsored by SEDCO Holding, was part of KAUST's Winter Enrichment Program. First place went to AI-AMRS for their AI-based solution to antimicrobial resistance, while second and third place went to SandX/BiocharX for aridland agriculture and takeAbreath for stress management respectively. Why it matters: The challenge highlights KAUST's commitment to fostering innovation and supporting women in STEM, while addressing pressing global issues like climate change, food security, and health.
KAUST researchers have developed a method using high-intensity pulses of light to remove carbon-based organic micropollutants from wastewater. By using a pulsed light system previously used for semiconductor materials, the team dramatically accelerated the photodegradation treatment. The high-intensity pulsed light (HIPL) triggers decomposition of organic micropollutants (OMPs) with extraordinary degradation rates within milliseconds. Why it matters: This treatment offers a potentially scalable solution to the increasing environmental problem of OMPs in waterways, addressing a critical need in water treatment technologies for the region.
KAUST Professor Carlos Duarte gave a TED Talk on seagrass, highlighting their importance as marine ecosystems. His research focuses on Zostera marina, the first marine angiosperm to be fully sequenced. Duarte's team discovered massive clones of Posidonia oceanica in the Spanish Mediterranean, estimated to be 200,000 years old, which play a critical role in carbon sequestration. Why it matters: This research underscores the potential of seagrass in mitigating climate change and protecting coastal regions, emphasizing KAUST's contribution to marine science and environmental sustainability.
Two KAUST students, Praise O. Eromosele and Fabiyan Angikath Shamsudheen, participated in the Falling Walls Science Summit in Berlin. They were selected among 75 students to pitch their ideas, focusing on wastewater treatment and sustainable hydrogen production from waste, respectively. Praise Eromosele's research explores using sawdust to remove heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater, inspired by pollution issues in Nigeria. Why it matters: This participation highlights KAUST's commitment to addressing global challenges through innovative research and provides a platform for its students to gain international exposure and recognition.
Marilyn Brown from Georgia Institute of Technology presented a talk at KAUST's Winter Enrichment Program 2022 on strategies to reduce carbon emissions. She emphasized developing localized solutions and highlighted business opportunities in enhancing energy systems through carbon reduction. Brown noted that achieving the Paris Accord goals requires a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Why it matters: This underscores the importance of localized carbon reduction strategies and the potential for innovation in energy systems within the region, aligning with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals for sustainability.
Dr. Ian Campbell, formerly Executive Chair of Innovate UK, has joined KAUST as Executive Director – Special Projects. He will work to leverage KAUST's science and innovation to impact opportunities across Saudi Arabia. Campbell's prior role involved supporting UK companies with £1.8 billion annually and securing £750 million for COVID-19 response. Why it matters: The appointment signals KAUST's continued focus on translating research into real-world impact and fostering collaborations to address Kingdom-wide challenges, leveraging expertise from a seasoned innovation leader.
Professor Jeffrey Sachs of Columbia University gave a keynote at KAUST's Winter Enrichment Program (WEP) 2022 on "resilience." He emphasized the need to end greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century through decarbonizing the energy system. Sachs highlighted the importance of science and technology solutions, especially in adapting to climate change. Why it matters: The talk underscores the importance of KAUST's research initiatives, such as the Circular Carbon Initiative, in developing technologies for carbon capture and utilization, aligning with Saudi Arabia's net-zero targets.
Team NimbRo presented four UAVs tailored for the MBZIRC 2020 challenges, including target chasing, wall building, and fire fighting. The UAVs utilized onboard object detection, aerial manipulation, LiDAR, and thermal cameras to perform their tasks autonomously. The team's software stack, which is mostly open-source, includes tools for system configuration, monitoring, and agile trajectory generation. Why it matters: The work demonstrates advanced robotics capabilities developed in the context of a major regional competition, advancing machine vision and trajectory generation, and showcasing potential applications in various sectors.
The Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi has completed production and testing of the Nukhada Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). Nukhada is designed for autonomous surveying, inspection, and support of underwater operations. The paper describes the USV's features and trials during development. Why it matters: This development demonstrates the UAE's growing capabilities in autonomous robotics for maritime applications.
KAUST researchers used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study the 3D structure of protein complexes involved in DNA replication and repair. They investigated the interaction between the Y-family TLS polymerase Pol K and mono-ubiquitylated PCNA. The study revealed that DNA binding is required for Pol K to form a rigid, active complex with PCNA. Why it matters: Understanding these structural interactions may provide insights into cancer development and drug resistance mechanisms.
KAUST Professor Yu Han has received the Humboldt Research Award for his work in nanostructured materials and electron microscopy. The award sponsors a research project in Germany in collaboration with experts at a German institution; Han was nominated by Dr. Stefan Kaskel at Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden). Han will visit TU Dresden to explore collaborations in nanoporous materials and electron microscopy, expanding on an existing project imaging flexible metal-organic frameworks. Why it matters: The award recognizes KAUST's contributions to advanced materials research and facilitates international collaboration in a key area for catalysis and separation technologies.
A KAUST and KFUPM student team won at the Saudi Telecom Company (STC) AIoT Hackathon for their AgriDoctor project, an autonomous, sustainable, intelligent agriculture system. The team developed a business plan, trained neural networks for problem detection, and built an IoT device with agricultural sensors. The AgriDoctor system aims to improve crop yields and reduce resource consumption in agriculture. Why it matters: This win highlights the growing focus on AI and IoT applications in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the key domain of sustainable agriculture.
KAUST hosted a coral training workshop led by Dr. Francesca Benzoni for marine scientists and professionals. Participants from NEOM and The Red Sea Development Company learned to identify Red Sea coral species. The workshop aimed to bridge a knowledge gap about endemic Red Sea corals, which are easily confused with corals from other regions. Why it matters: The training supports Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision to balance tourism, economic growth, and the protection of the Red Sea's unique marine resources.
KAUST researchers developed a statistical approach to improve the identification of cancer-related protein mutations by reducing false positives. The method uses Bayesian statistics to analyze protein domain data from tumor samples, accounting for potential errors due to limited data. The team tested their method on prostate cancer data, successfully identifying a known cancer-linked mutation in the DNA binding protein cd00083. Why it matters: This enhances the reliability of cancer research at the molecular level, potentially accelerating the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Dr. Alison Noble from the University of Oxford presented her work on smart medical ultrasound technology at the KAUST Research Open Week, focusing on automated image analysis and deep learning. Her research aims to improve data collection, patient-doctor relations, and accessibility of healthcare. Portable ultrasound technology can increase accessibility for patients in remote areas. Why it matters: AI-enhanced ultrasound has the potential to significantly improve healthcare delivery and diagnostics in Saudi Arabia and the broader region, especially in underserved communities.
McLaren Racing visited KAUST to celebrate their three-year R&D partnership, established in 2018, focusing on computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, and other areas. The visit included discussions on STEM education, sustainability, and a simulator race between McLaren driver Lando Norris and a KAUST community member. McLaren and KAUST have also collaborated on personal protective equipment, emergency ventilators, and sustainability initiatives. Why it matters: This partnership highlights the increasing role of advanced research and STEM education in Saudi Arabia's technology and sustainability initiatives, facilitated through collaborations between academic institutions and global industry leaders.
KAUST founding alumnus Ahmad Showail has been awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to conduct IoT research at UC Irvine with Dr. Faisal Nawab. Showail, who earned master's and Ph.D. degrees from KAUST, submitted a proposal on secure and private Internet-of-Things using SGX cloud architecture. He credits KAUST with shaping him as a researcher and helping him develop skills in writing journal papers and pursuing impactful issues. Why it matters: This award highlights the quality of KAUST graduates and the potential for KAUST alumni to contribute to solving challenges in Saudi Arabia, such as managing crowd movements during Hajj and Umrah.
KAUST participated in SC21, the international supercomputing conference in St. Louis, Missouri, marking their 13th year of attendance. KAUST highlighted its commitment to being a supercomputing presence in the Arab world and its role in propelling research across scientific disciplines. KAUST graduates are contributing talent across the Middle East, and KAUST Computational Scientist Bilel Hadri will chair the reproducibility initiative at SC22. Why it matters: KAUST's involvement in SC21 underscores the growing importance of HPC in the Middle East and its contribution to building a knowledge-based economy.
KAUST faculty members participated in the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, advocating for science-based environmental standards. Discussions included limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius and building the financial and human capital to achieve this goal. KAUST initiatives in energy, water, food, climate, livability and AI were presented. Why it matters: KAUST's involvement in COP26 highlights the university's commitment to addressing global climate challenges and showcases the role of Saudi research in international environmental policy.
MIT Technology Review reports on advancements in machine learning techniques that are significantly improving Arabic speech transcription capabilities. These developments aim to enhance the accuracy and robustness of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for the complexities of the Arabic language, including its various dialects. The improvements are designed to overcome previous challenges in processing diverse phonetic patterns and linguistic nuances. Why it matters: This progress is vital for the development of more effective voice-enabled technologies, accessibility tools, and AI applications specifically tailored for Arabic-speaking populations in the Middle East and beyond.
Two of the three Saudi Arabian undergraduates selected as 2022 Rhodes Scholars are current or former participants in KAUST programs. Ahmed, a KGSP student, aims to research Red Sea super corals, while Mohammed Alghadeer, a KAUST summer intern, will study condensed matter physics at Oxford. The Rhodes Scholarship provides full funding for graduate studies at the University of Oxford. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in cultivating Saudi talent in STEM fields and fostering future leaders committed to global challenges.
The paper examines the performance of pre-trained Arabic language models on Arabic text intentionally stripped of diacritical dots to evade content classification. It proposes methods to support these "undotted" texts without retraining the models. The proposed methods achieve nearly perfect performance on one downstream task. Why it matters: The research highlights a vulnerability in Arabic NLP and offers solutions to maintain performance in the face of adversarial text manipulation.
KAUST welcomed Monsha'at, the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP), and the Royal Commission of Al Ula to its Industry Collaboration Program (KICP). These new members, announced at the 12th annual KAUST Industry Advisory Board (KIAB) meeting, bring the total KICP membership to 25. The KIAB event focused on AI's role in the digital transformation of health, society, and the economy. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's commitment to fostering industry partnerships in AI and other key sectors to advance Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030.
KAUST hosted the 15th General Conference of The World Academy of Sciences (UNESCO-TWAS) virtually from November 1–4, 2021, in collaboration with the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB). The conference focused on the role of scientific research in enhancing human well-being and featured speakers from KAUST, Saudi ministries, UNESCO, and other international organizations. Participants engaged with KAUST faculty and discussed topics such as financing science, technology, and innovation for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Why it matters: This event highlights KAUST's role as a hub for international scientific collaboration and its commitment to advancing research and development in the region.
This paper presents a comparative study of pre-trained transformer models for Arabic question answering (QA). The study evaluates the performance of AraBERTv2-base, AraBERTv0.2-large, and AraELECTRA models on four reading comprehension datasets: Arabic-SQuAD, ARCD, AQAD, and TyDiQA-GoldP. The researchers fine-tuned these models and analyzed the results to understand the performance disparities. Why it matters: This research contributes to the advancement of Arabic NLP by evaluating and comparing state-of-the-art models on important QA tasks, addressing the scarcity of resources in this domain.
KAUST Vice President for Research Dr. Donal Bradley was inaugurated as a Fellow of the U.S. National Academy of Inventors (NAI) at a ceremony in Florida. Bradley holds 16 granted U.S. patents, including a fundamental patent on conjugated polymer electroluminescence (U.S. 5,247,190) that led to the development of OLED displays. His work led to the founding of Cambridge Display Technology and collaborations with Dow Chemical and Sumitomo Chemical. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's impact on global innovation in materials science and engineering, particularly in the development of advanced display technologies.
KAUST alumna Dr. Royale Hardenstine (Ph.D. '20, MS '15) is studying the movements and behavior of marine animals in the Red Sea, including whale sharks. Her Ph.D. research showed the connectivity of Red Sea whale sharks to the larger Indo-Pacific population and movements between aggregation sites. Now working as Protected Species Science Manager at The Red Sea Development Company, she monitors marine life in the Kingdom's future Special Economic Zones. Why it matters: This research is crucial for informing conservation efforts and mitigating the impact of coastal development on vulnerable marine species in the Red Sea.
KAUST Professor Peter Markowich has been named a 2022 Fellow of the American Mathematical Society (AMS). He is recognized for contributions to partial differential equations, particularly the mathematical and numerical analysis of dispersive equations. Markowich applies differential mathematics to disciplines such as physics, AI, biology and engineering, including research on leaf venation patterns. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's strength in applied mathematics and its faculty's contributions to both theoretical and interdisciplinary research.
KAUST's Darwin21 research group, led by Maged Saad and Heribert Hirt, has developed biostimulant products using plant endophyte microbes to enhance crop resilience in arid conditions. Estidamah, the National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture, validated Darwin21's products, demonstrating increased vegetable yield and quality with reduced water consumption. A cucumber harvest required only two-thirds of the water when the microbes were applied. Why it matters: This validation paves the way for commercial application, contributing to Saudi Vision 2030's goals of water conservation and food security through innovative agri-technologies.
This paper presents a 2-D convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for damage detection in steel frame structures, using raw acceleration signals as input. The method employs a network of lightweight CNNs, each optimized for a specific element, to enhance accuracy and speed. The proposed framework is validated using the Qatar University Grandstand Simulator (QUGS) benchmark data. Why it matters: The research offers a promising AI-driven solution for real-time structural health monitoring, with potential applications for infrastructure maintenance and safety in the GCC region.
KAUST researchers collaborated with international scientists to propose a nature-based adaptive approach for coral restoration, published in Nature Reviews in Earth & Environment. The review emphasizes enhancing specific components of the coral holobiont to maximize the natural adaptive capacity of corals to survive climate change. It advocates for customized protection approaches based on the reef's degradation, location, and traits. Why it matters: This research offers a critical roadmap for preserving coral reefs, which are vital ecosystems threatened by climate change, by leveraging the corals' natural adaptive mechanisms.
KAUST is seeking technology-based solutions to build resilience in local ecosystems facing challenges like climate change, disasters, and food insecurity. The WTI Resilience Challenge 2021/22 is accepting proposals under four tracks, with a deadline of December 9, 2021. The top five nominees will receive KAUST mentorship, and three winners will be awarded prizes during the WEP closure ceremony. Why it matters: This challenge promotes innovation in addressing critical environmental and societal issues, aligning with Saudi Arabia's focus on sustainability and technological advancement.