General AI research publications from MBZUAI, KAUST, TII, QCRI, and other GCC institutions, including conference papers, journal articles, and preprints.
This paper introduces a novel fuzzy clustering method for circular time series based on a new dependence measure that considers circular arcs. The algorithm groups series generated from similar stochastic processes and demonstrates computational efficiency. The method is applied to time series of wind direction in Saudi Arabia, showcasing its practical potential.
The Saudi Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture (MEWA) and KAUST have signed a strategic partnership agreement focused on research, development, and innovation. As part of this, MEWA is sponsoring Phase II of the Algae & Aquaculture Technologies Development Project at KAUST. The project aims to establish an algae industry in Saudi Arabia, create jobs, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Why it matters: This partnership signals a commitment to developing sustainable technologies and diversifying the Saudi economy through aquaculture and algal biotechnology.
The Global Water Monitor Consortium, including KAUST, released its 2023 report, finding that 77 of 249 countries experienced record-high temperatures. Saudi Arabia had its third-hottest year but highest precipitation in 20 years. Vegetation vigor in Saudi Arabia was also the highest since 2001, almost 8% higher than the long-term average. Why it matters: The report highlights climate change impacts in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for accessible information on water resources for stakeholders and the potential for increased vegetation due to higher rainfall.
KAUST is hosting a double lecture event featuring the International Symposium on Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) and the KAUST Workshop for Women in Science and Engineering (WISE). Speakers include professors from Imperial College, McGill University, Sorbonne University, and the University of Augsburg, as well as representatives from KAUST and AEON Strategy. The event will focus on porous materials and highlight women's accomplishments in science and engineering. Why it matters: Promoting gender diversity and showcasing scientific advancements at KAUST can help strengthen Saudi Arabia's research ecosystem and inspire future generations of scientists.
Professor Pascal Saikaly of KAUST has been named the 2024 International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists (AAEES). Saikaly was selected for his contributions to the advancement of environmental protection, specifically his work in developing sustainable biotechnologies for wastewater reclamation and reuse. He developed a patented technology for a decentralized wastewater recycling plant demonstrated at full scale in Saudi Arabia. Why it matters: This award recognizes important work in sustainable wastewater treatment, an area of critical importance for water-scarce regions like Saudi Arabia.
The Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) organized a Generative AI Hackathon, showcasing innovative solutions developed by participants. The event brought together students, researchers, and professionals to collaborate on generative AI applications. Participants developed prototypes addressing various societal challenges using cutting-edge AI techniques. Why it matters: This hackathon fosters local AI talent, promotes the application of generative AI to real-world problems in the region, and strengthens Qatar's position in AI innovation.
The Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) recently concluded a Generative AI Hackathon, bringing together participants to innovate with generative artificial intelligence technologies. The event aimed to foster local talent and drive advancements in the field within Qatar. Participants developed various solutions and prototypes using generative AI models and tools. Why it matters: This hackathon signifies Qatar's commitment to cultivating a strong AI ecosystem and developing skilled professionals in cutting-edge AI domains like generative AI.
KAUST professor Niveen Khashab was named the first Great Arab Mind in natural sciences. The Great Arab Minds award was conceived by Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid al Maktoum to recognize Arabs for achievements in science, architecture, engineering, economics, literature, and medicine. Khashab, an organic chemist, was selected for contributions to nanomaterials development, synthesis, and application in medicine, industry, and agriculture. Why it matters: The award highlights KAUST's role in fostering scientific talent and contributing to advancements in nanotechnology and related fields within the Arab world.
Three KAUST scientists—Hamed Albalawi, Hend Mohamed, and Walaa Khushaim—have been named MIT Technology Review Innovators Under 35 MENA. Albalawi developed a calcium carbonate ink for 3D-bioprinting coral restoration scaffolds, while Mohamed created catalysts for sustainable aviation fuel production. Khushaim developed multiplexed biosensors for early heart attack detection, integrated into portable diagnostic devices. Why it matters: This recognition highlights the growing innovation ecosystem at KAUST and the potential for Saudi Arabia to contribute significantly to global challenges in sustainability and healthcare.
KAUST researchers developed a tandem solar cell with 32.5% conversion efficiency by optimizing the silicon-perovskite connection. Another team combined spectroscopy and reactor technologies to reveal details on catalyst function and reaction mechanisms. A KAUST team also developed a mathematical framework improving data rates by 30% and optimizing terrestrial network speeds. Why it matters: These advances highlight KAUST's contributions to sustainable energy, industrial processes, and network optimization, addressing key challenges in the region and globally.
KAUST Professor Matteo Parsani will undertake a 30-day, 3000km hand bike journey across Saudi Arabia starting December 17. The journey aims to promote physical activity, raise disability awareness, showcase KAUST research, and highlight Saudi's beauty. KAUST researchers developed biosensor-embedded gear to monitor Parsani's health metrics like heart rate, dopamine levels, and sweat rate during the journey. Why it matters: The initiative demonstrates KAUST's commitment to assistive technology research and promoting inclusivity in Saudi society through adaptive sports.
KAUST held its 14th commencement ceremony, graduating 433 students, with a record 43% being Saudi nationals. President Tony Chan emphasized KAUST's alignment with Saudi Vision 2030, highlighting partnerships with giga-projects like NEOM and the National Transformation Institute. He also spotlighted KAUST's projects like the world’s largest coral nursery and the acquisition of Shaheen III supercomputer. Why it matters: The event underscores KAUST's increasing role in Saudi Arabia's national development agenda and its commitment to fostering local talent in science and technology.
KAUST researchers participated in COP28 in Dubai, showcasing environmental research from sustainable construction to coral restoration. Professor William Roberts presented cryogenic carbon capture, while Professor Hussein Hoteit demonstrated carbon dioxide removal and underground hydrogen storage. A KAUST spinout, ClimateCrete™, launched technology to make local sand suitable for concrete, reducing carbon emissions by up to 60%. Why it matters: KAUST's presence at COP28 highlights the institution's role in driving regional climate solutions and fostering public-private partnerships for environmental sustainability.
KAUST held its 14th KAUST Industry Advisory Board (KIAB) meeting in Riyadh on December 11, 2023, marking the first time the meeting has taken place outside of KAUST. The Public Investment Fund (PIF) formally signed on as a new member of the KAUST Industry Collaboration Program (KICP). The meeting included talks about the future of KICP and round-table sessions on advancing goals in alignment with Saudi Vision 2030. Why it matters: This signals a new era of alliances for KAUST in launching ambitions and deepening its impact within the Kingdom and beyond.
KAUST Assistant Professor Paula Moraga has authored a new textbook, "Spatial Statistics for Data Science: Theory and Practice with R," based on her lectures. The book is available for free on her website and in hard copy through the publisher. Dr. Moraga's research focuses on developing statistical methods and computational tools for geospatial data analysis and health surveillance, with applications in reducing disease burden and identifying high-risk populations. Why it matters: The publication strengthens KAUST's research profile in spatial data science and offers valuable open-source resources for addressing critical challenges in public health and resource management within Saudi Arabia and the broader region.
KAUST and THIQAH, a technology company specializing in regulation technology and digital products, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on November 13, 2023. The partnership aims to foster innovation in the digital landscape through collaborative research and development of data applications and AI. The collaboration aligns with Saudi Vision 2030, focusing on digital technologies to develop innovative products and solutions while also developing human skills. Why it matters: This partnership between a leading Saudi university and a technology company signals a push towards local innovation in digital solutions and AI, potentially creating new opportunities and advancing Saudi Arabia's technological capabilities.
KAUST faculty members Husam Alshareef, Mario Lanza, and Atif Shamim have been named IEEE Fellows for 2024. They were recognized for work on nanoscale materials for devices, antenna-on-chip tech, and nanoelectronics metrology, respectively. These three are the only inductees from Saudi Arabia and among five from Arab nations. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing prominence as a hub for advanced research and innovation in the Middle East.
This research explores the use of generative AI, specifically ChatGPT, to create student assessments that align with academic accreditation standards, such as those of the National Center for Academic Accreditation in Saudi Arabia and ABET. The study introduces a method for mapping verbs used in questions to educational outcomes, enabling AI to produce and validate accreditation-compliant questions. A survey of faculty members in Saudi universities showed high acceptance rates for AI-generated exam questions and AI assistance in editing existing questions.
KAUST's Terragraph Connectivity Project received second rank in the Social Project category of the Global Excellence Awards by the Project Management Institute (PMI) in Saudi Arabia. The project, in collaboration with Meta and the Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST), provided high-speed Wi-Fi to a camp of 3000+ people outside KAUST. The deployed hybrid radio frequency and free space optics technology offers reliable internet connection to a remote community. Why it matters: The award and project showcase KAUST's contribution to bridging the digital divide in line with Saudi Vision 2030's goals for sustainable development and digital inclusion.
KAUST Professor William McDonough was named one of TIME's 100 most influential climate leaders in business for his "cradle-to-cradle" design approach. McDonough advocates for circular manufacturing and sees carbon as mismanaged rather than inherently negative. He is involved in the KAUST Circular Carbon Initiative, which promotes research, innovation, and startups in circular carbon economies. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's and the GCC's increasing role in global sustainability initiatives and circular economy research.
KAUST Professor Raquel Peixoto has been awarded the inaugural Rachel Carson Prize for microbiology. The prize recognizes scientists using microbiology to preserve the global ecosystem, understand terrestrial life and ocean biodiversity, and provide solutions for sustainable marine resource use. Peixoto's research at KAUST focuses on microbiome restoration and rehabilitation through probiotics to protect corals threatened by climate change. Why it matters: This award highlights the importance of KAUST's research in marine science and its potential to provide innovative solutions for coral reef conservation in the Red Sea and beyond.
This paper proposes a machine learning method for early detection and classification of date fruit diseases, which are economically important to countries like Saudi Arabia. The method uses a hybrid feature extraction approach combining L*a*b color features, statistical features, and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) texture features. Experiments using a dataset of 871 images achieved the highest average accuracy using Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Fuzzy Decision Trees (FDT) classifiers.
KAUST hosted representatives from Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) member countries to showcase its aquaculture expertise. The IsDB funded the visit, with co-investment from Innovative Contractors for Advanced Dimensions (ICAD), to introduce KAUST's aquaculture technology to representatives from Morocco, Mali, Burkina Faso and Egypt. The visit aimed to accelerate aquaculture capabilities in North and West Africa, with ICAD pledging up to $20 million in grants for future projects using KAUST technology. Why it matters: This collaboration demonstrates KAUST's role as a regional hub for advanced aquaculture technology and promotes sustainable food production in IsDB member countries.
Eighteen KAUST scientists were named among the world's most influential researchers by Clarivate. These researchers have authored studies in the top 1% of scholarly citations worldwide over the past decade. This is an increase from 15 in 2022, representing almost 10% of KAUST's total faculty. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing influence in global research and its commitment to producing impactful scientific contributions in the Middle East.
This paper introduces a multi-task learning approach for fetal biometric estimation from ultrasound images, classifying regions (head, abdomen, femur) and estimating parameters. The model, a U-Net architecture with a classification head, achieved a mean absolute error of 1.08 mm for head circumference, 1.44 mm for abdomen circumference, and 1.10 mm for femur length, with 99.91% classification accuracy. The researchers are affiliated with MBZUAI. Why it matters: This research demonstrates advancements in automated fetal health monitoring using AI, potentially improving prenatal care and diagnostics in the region.
KAUST was ranked first in the Times Higher Education (THE) Arab University Rankings 2023, improving from second place the previous year. KAUST achieved a perfect score of 100 for research environment and saw improvements in industry income and international outlook. KAUST's supercomputer Shaheen III was also ranked the most powerful in the Middle East and #20 globally. Why it matters: This ranking highlights the increasing strength of Saudi Arabian universities and the region's growing focus on research, development, and innovation, especially in areas like AI.
The KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI) held its annual conference on November 1-2, focusing on health and wellness in KSA. The conference featured speakers from clinical, academic, government, NGO, and health industry institutions. Saudi's first female astronaut, Ms. Rayyanah Barnawi, participated in a panel discussing space medicine and its impact. Why it matters: The event highlights KAUST's commitment to precision medicine and showcases the potential of space research to benefit healthcare on Earth.
This paper discusses the integration of AI into education, emphasizing a transdisciplinary approach that connects AI instruction to the broader curriculum and community needs. It delves into the AI program developed for Neom Community School in Saudi Arabia, where AI is taught as a subject and used to learn other subjects through the International Baccalaureate (IB) approach. The proposed method aims to make AI relevant throughout the curriculum by integrating it into Units of Inquiry.
Professor Arnab Pain's group at KAUST discovered new insights on how a malaria protein enables parasites to spread malaria in human cells. Professor Haavard Rue's group upgraded the Integrated and Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) for faster real-time modeling of large datasets. A KAUST-led study examined the stability of Y-series nonfullerene acceptors for organic solar cells. Why it matters: KAUST continues producing impactful research across diverse fields from medicine to climate change, advancing scientific knowledge and potential applications.
Researchers developed a semantic search tool for the Quran using Arabic NLP techniques. The tool was trained on a dataset of over 30 tafsirs (interpretations) of the Quran. Using the SNxLM model and cosine similarity, the tool identifies Quranic verses most relevant to a user's query, achieving a similarity score of up to 0.97. Why it matters: This tool could significantly improve access to the Quran's teachings for Arabic speakers and researchers, providing a valuable resource for religious study and understanding.
KAUST, Saudi Aramco, and the Ministry of Energy convened the Crude Oil to Chemicals Innovative Technologies Conference on October 23-25. The conference focused on catalysts, process optimization, and fundamental approaches for oil-to-chemicals conversion. KAUST also signed an MOU with Saudi Aramco, the Ministry of Energy, and the Oil Sustainability Program to develop relevant technologies. Why it matters: This initiative signals a move towards more sustainable hydrocarbon use and the development of advanced materials in the Kingdom.
This paper describes the Nexus team's participation in the ArAIEval shared task focused on detecting propaganda and disinformation in Arabic. The team fine-tuned transformer models and experimented with zero- and few-shot learning using GPT-4. Nexus's system achieved 9th place in subtask 1A and 10th place in subtask 2A. Why it matters: The work contributes to the important goal of automatically identifying and mitigating the spread of disinformation in Arabic content, which is critical for maintaining societal trust and informed public discourse.
KAUST and the SFDA co-hosted the "Trends in Microbiome and Digital One Health" conference from October 30 to November 1, 2023, featuring 35 speakers from five continents. Discussions centered on microbiome science, digital tools for tracking microbial epidemiology, and their roles in the One Health concept. The conference facilitated the formation of a consortium for microbiome and Digital One Health research. Why it matters: This event highlights Saudi Arabia's growing focus on leveraging microbiome research and digital technologies to address public health challenges and promote international collaboration in the field.
KAUST held its 6th annual alumni meeting in China, in partnership with the Hangzhou Association of Science and Technology. 21 KAUST alumni visited innovation parks and enterprises in Hangzhou to explore collaborations. The meeting facilitated engagement with local business leaders and government officials regarding technologies in security, green energy, and health. Why it matters: Such meetings foster international collaboration and technology transfer, showcasing KAUST's role in connecting research with commercial opportunities in strategic regions like China.
KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and KAUST Solar Center (KSC) partnered with Nigerian startup Newdigit Technologies to develop their "Just Add Water" pilot. The project aims to use electrolysis powered by photovoltaics to split water into hydrogen (for cooking) and oxygen. The hydrogen produced can be utilized as a clean-burning gas for cooking, while the fuel cell generates electricity and produces clean drinking water. Why it matters: This collaboration highlights KAUST's role in fostering sustainable energy solutions for developing nations and addressing critical challenges like energy access and indoor air quality.
KAUST's Visual Computing Center had two papers recognized at IEEE VIS 2023. One paper, from Prof. Markus Hadwiger's group, introduced a new method for detecting and visualizing vortex structures in 2D fluid flows, which was recognized as one of the best papers. The second paper, from Prof. Ivan Viola's team, presented Dr. KID, a visualization framework for physicalizing biological structures into 3D-printed models, receiving an honorable mention. Why it matters: These awards highlight KAUST's contributions to cutting-edge visualization techniques with potential applications in diverse scientific and engineering fields.
The Communications and Computing Systems Lab (CCSL) at KAUST received two awards in the International Telecommunication Union AI for Good Machine Learning Challenge and tinyML Hackathon Challenge 2023: Pedestrian Detection. The KAUST team's solution achieved high accuracy in pedestrian identification using event-based cameras, while consuming less power and achieving lower latency. They also received an award for innovative use of "Edge Impulse" for building datasets and training models. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing influence in AI research, particularly in edge computing and computer vision applications for public safety.
Team TII EuroRacing (TII-ER) developed a full autonomous software stack for oval racing, enabling speeds above 75 m/s (270 km/h). The software includes modules for perception, planning, control, vehicle dynamics modeling, simulation, telemetry, and safety. The team achieved second and third place in the first two Indy Autonomous Challenge events using this stack.
KAUST alumnus Dr. Abdulilah Mayet was named a Fulbright fellow and will pursue nanotechnology work at UC Irvine from September 2023 to June 2024. Mayet, who earned his master's and Ph.D. from KAUST, is now an associate professor at King Khalid University and has started several companies. He aims to develop new NEMS technologies at Irvine with lower cost and higher performance, with plans to start a company for commercial production. Why it matters: This fellowship highlights the impact of KAUST in fostering research and innovation and building international collaborations in nanotechnology, contributing to the growth of advanced technology sectors in Saudi Arabia.
KAUST and GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel collaborated on a research expedition in the Red Sea aboard the R/V Meteor in October. The first cruise (M193 REPLENISH) focused on the Al Wajh coral reefs, while the second (M194 HEXPLORES) aims to discover undiscovered black smoker hydrothermal vent fields. HEXPLORES is led by Dr. Nico Augustin from GEOMAR and Dr. Froukje van der Zwan from KAUST. Why it matters: This collaboration highlights KAUST's role in spearheading Red Sea studies and attracting global experts to the region, furthering our understanding of the Red Sea's unique ecosystem and geological features.
KAUST is highlighted as a key facilitator for research commercialization and innovation in Saudi Arabia, preparing graduates for careers and entrepreneurial ventures. At the Future Talent Conference: Fireside Talks, experts discussed KAUST's role in driving the Kingdom’s research, development, and innovation (RDI) commitments through talent development in line with Vision 2030. Speakers noted the importance of investing in talent and creating a business model that rewards the innovation ecosystem to ensure sustainable commercialization. Why it matters: KAUST's focus on nurturing talent and fostering research commercialization plays a critical role in diversifying Saudi Arabia's economy and advancing its Vision 2030 goals in technology and innovation.
KAUST Discovery Professor Jesper Tegnér collaborated with UK researchers to develop algorithms explaining decision-making in insects and rats. Assoc. Prof. Robert Hoehndorf's lab introduced a tool for identifying genetic variants linked to rare diseases based on patient symptoms. KAUST scientists also studied monkeypox infection of human skin using stem cells and marine microbiome adaptation to thermal changes. Why it matters: These diverse research projects highlight KAUST's contributions to computational biology, virology, and marine science, advancing knowledge with implications for healthcare and environmental challenges.
A KAUST-led study published in Scientific Data provides updated global climate classification maps from 1901-2020 and projects future conditions up to 2099. Researchers used a refined selection of climate models, excluding those with unrealistic CO2-induced warming rates, to ensure accuracy. Projections indicate significant shifts in land surface climate, with large areas transitioning to warmer climate zones by the end of the century under moderate emission scenarios. Why it matters: The updated maps provide a crucial tool for understanding climate change impacts, ecological studies, and informing policy decisions in the face of global warming, especially for a region like the Middle East that is highly vulnerable to climate change.
The fourth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task (NADI 2023) aimed to advance Arabic NLP through shared tasks focused on dialect identification and dialect-to-MSA machine translation. 58 teams registered, with 18 participating across three subtasks: dialect identification, dialect-to-MSA translation, and another translation task. The winning teams achieved 87.27 F1 in dialect identification, 14.76 BLEU in one translation task, and 21.10 BLEU in the other. Why it matters: NADI provides valuable benchmarks and datasets for Arabic dialect processing, encouraging further research in this challenging area.
KAUST and the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) hosted the KAUST Workshop for Saudi Food Futures in Riyadh on October 22. The workshop focused on identifying strategic priorities for Saudi Arabia's food security and the integration of smart technologies. A new consortium, Saudi Food Futures Initiative (SFF), was announced, aiming to accelerate the transformation of the Saudi food system. Why it matters: The initiative signals a commitment to leveraging AI and technology to enhance food security in line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and 2060.
KAUST's Vice President of Research, Professor Pierre Magistretti, presented the 2023 Nansen Neuroscience Lecture in Oslo. The lecture highlighted his discovery of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle and its role in brain physiology and pathology. His research explains how astrocytes feed neurons lactate as a primary energy source, impacting memory and cognition. Why it matters: The lecture recognizes KAUST's contribution to neuroscience and highlights the importance of understanding brain energy consumption for treating neurological disorders.
This study analyzes the evolution of data science vocabulary using 16,018 abstracts containing "data science" over 13 years. It identifies new vocabulary introduction and its integration into scientific literature using techniques like EDA, LSA, LDA, and N-grams. The research compares overall scientific publications with those specific to Saudi Arabia, identifying representative articles based on vocabulary usage. Why it matters: The work provides insights into the development of data science terminology and its specific adoption within the Saudi Arabian research landscape.
The paper introduces the concept of Arabic Level of Dialectness (ALDi), a continuous variable representing the degree of dialectal Arabic in a sentence, arguing that Arabic exists on a spectrum between MSA and DA. They present the AOC-ALDi dataset, comprising 127,835 sentences manually labeled for dialectness level, derived from news articles and user comments. Experiments show a model trained on AOC-ALDi can identify dialectness levels across various corpora and genres. Why it matters: ALDi provides a more nuanced approach to analyzing Arabic text than binary dialect identification, enabling sociolinguistic analysis of stylistic choices.
The Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) has integrated the Huawei Watch GT 4 into its ongoing health research initiatives. This collaboration aims to leverage the wearable device's advanced sensors for collecting physiological data. The integration seeks to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data collection in various health-related studies conducted by QCRI. Why it matters: This move signifies a practical application of consumer wearable technology within academic health research in the Middle East, potentially advancing methodologies for continuous health monitoring and data analysis in the region.
KAUST researchers have made several advances, including a new computational model of the Red Sea's ocean circulation. They also synthesized new metal-organic frameworks for gas storage with applications in green and medical tech. Additionally, they presented a mathematical solution for microgrid cybersecurity. Why it matters: These diverse research projects highlight KAUST's contributions to environmental modeling, materials science, and critical infrastructure protection in the region.