General AI research publications from MBZUAI, KAUST, TII, QCRI, and other GCC institutions, including conference papers, journal articles, and preprints.
A study co-authored by KAUST researchers and published in Science analyzes the intertwined climate and biodiversity crises, noting that human activities have altered roughly 75% of land and 66% of marine waters. Greenhouse-gas emissions amount to over 55 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, with global mean temperature increased by over 1.1 degrees Celsius since the preindustrial era. The study proposes an ambitious approach including emissions reduction, restoration, and cross-institutional alliances. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's contribution to global research on pressing environmental challenges and informs strategies for regional sustainable development initiatives.
KAUST, in partnership with Spire Global, has successfully launched a Cubesat satellite on the SpaceX Transporter-7 mission. The satellite is equipped with a hyperspectral camera and GNSS-R sensor to collect high-resolution data on Earth's ecosystems. The collected data will help Saudi Arabia observe and characterize its natural resources, especially in terrestrial, coastal, and ocean environments. Why it matters: The satellite launch demonstrates KAUST's commitment to advancing Vision 2030 goals related to environmental protection and provides a valuable resource for scientists and collaborators to address local and regional environmental questions.
Researchers from KAUST, King Abdulaziz University, and King Abdulaziz University Hospital conducted a study comparing stem cells from Saudi Klinefelter patients with those from North American and European descent. Klinefelter syndrome affects approximately one in 600 Saudi males, but the MENA population is underrepresented in genomic studies of the disease. The study found a subset of genes on the X chromosome whose dysregulation characterizes Klinefelter syndrome, regardless of geographic origin or ethnicity. Why it matters: This research addresses a gap in understanding the molecular basis of Klinefelter syndrome in the MENA population and provides a platform for further studies of chromosomal diseases.
KAUST Professor Marc Genton has received the Royal Statistical Society’s (RSS) 2023 Barnett Award for his contributions to environmental statistics. Genton's work includes the development of ExaGeoStat, a high-performance software for geostatistics, and the use of spectral methods to emulate climate model outputs. His research includes a five-year study on wind energy potential in Saudi Arabia, informing the Kingdom’s national wind energy strategy. Why it matters: This award recognizes impactful environmental statistics research at KAUST with implications for Saudi Arabia's renewable energy sector and beyond.
A new dataset called the Saudi Privacy Policy Dataset is introduced, which contains Arabic privacy policies from various sectors in Saudi Arabia. The dataset is annotated based on the 10 principles of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) and includes 1,000 websites, 4,638 lines of text, and 775,370 tokens. The dataset aims to facilitate research and development in privacy policy analysis, NLP, and machine learning applications related to data protection.
Researchers in Saudi Arabia are applying computer vision techniques to reduce Camel-Vehicle Collisions (CVCs). They tested object detection models including CenterNet, EfficientDet, Faster R-CNN, SSD, and YOLOv8 on the task, finding YOLOv8 to be the most accurate and efficient. Future work will focus on developing a system to improve road safety in rural areas.
KAUST signed strategic cooperation agreements with leading business and academic institutes in Shenzhen, China, including the Research Institute of Tsinghua University and Shenzhen Innox Academy. The agreements aim to accelerate knowledge exchange and commercialize technologies. Objectives include industrial innovation, tech transfer, talent sharing, and joint R&D. Why it matters: The partnerships aim to leverage China's innovation ecosystem to help KAUST develop market-ready products and address global challenges.
This paper introduces a deep learning framework for automated pain-level detection, designed for deployment in the UAE healthcare system. The system aims to assist in patient-centric pain management and diagnosis support, particularly relevant in situations with medical staff shortages. The research assesses the framework's performance using common approaches, indicating its potential for accurate pain level identification.
KAUST alumnus Jagdish Chandra Vyas (Ph.D. '17) received a Student Presentation Award at the Seismological Society of America (SSA) Annual Meeting for his poster "Mach Wave Coherence in the Presence of Source and Medium Heterogeneity." Vyas's Ph.D. research at KAUST, under the direction of Professor Martin Mai, focused on analyzing the effects of rupture complexity and heterogeneities in Earth structure on near-source ground motions. He is currently a postdoctoral scholar at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Why it matters: This award recognizes the high-caliber research being conducted at KAUST and its impact on the field of seismology.
KAUST will host the Times Higher Education Global Sustainable Development Congress from May 30 to June 1, 2023, the first event of its kind in Saudi Arabia. Over 1,000 leaders will discuss solutions to the sustainability crisis, focusing on actions universities can take to meet the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. The event will feature panels and workshops across four tracks: health, energy, environment, and cities. Why it matters: This event highlights the growing importance of sustainability initiatives in Saudi Arabia and the role of universities like KAUST in addressing global challenges.
KAUST researchers developed a new model integrating SIR compartment modeling in time and a point process modeling approach in space-time, also considering age-specific contact patterns. They used a two-step framework to model infectious locations over time for different age groups. The model demonstrated improved predictive accuracy in simulations and a COVID-19 case study in Cali, Colombia, compared to existing models. Why it matters: This model can assist decision-makers in identifying high-risk locations and vulnerable populations for better disease control strategies in the region and globally.
KAUST researchers are contributing new information about desert and mangrove plants to support Saudi Arabia's Green Initiative. They are creating a soil atlas for Saudi Arabia, studying soil profiles and microbial populations in hyperarid regions. The team has also compiled the world’s largest biobank of desert microbes, sequencing each microbe's genome. Why it matters: This research is crucial for ensuring the success and sustainability of large-scale greening efforts in arid environments like Saudi Arabia.
KAUST is launching the "Dear AI" campaign and hackathon to address gender bias and under-representation of women and Saudi/Arab people in AI, after finding AI image tools return only 1% women for prompts like "imagine entrepreneur." The campaign calls for accurate representation in AI datasets from Saudi Arabia and beyond. KAUST notes that 47% of graduates in their AI academy are women. Why it matters: This campaign highlights the need for more inclusive AI training data and addresses gender imbalances in STEM fields in Saudi Arabia.
KAUST researchers, led by Mohamed Eddaoudi, developed a metal-organic framework (MOF) capable of selectively adsorbing water, challenging the conventional view of MOF instability in water. They also advanced MOF understanding by adapting high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to observe their atomic structure. KAUST hosted the Innovation to Impact Roundtable, fostering collaboration between academics and industry leaders from the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. Why it matters: These activities highlight KAUST's role in materials science innovation and fostering international research collaborations to advance technological development in Saudi Arabia.
KAUST researchers developed a water-stable MOF for energy-efficient dehydration, overturning conventional views. They also adapted high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to observe the atomic structure of metal-organic frameworks. KAUST hosted the Innovation to Impact Roundtable, fostering collaboration between academics and industry leaders from the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. Why it matters: These activities highlight KAUST's commitment to research breakthroughs, talent development, and fostering international collaborations in science and technology.
Saudi Arabia's Minister of Environment, Water and Agriculture inaugurated the Climate Change Center at KAUST. The center will serve as a resource for policymakers, providing climate information and supporting initiatives to mitigate climate change effects. It aligns with Vision 2030 and the Middle East Green Initiative. Why it matters: The center signifies Saudi Arabia's commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in regional and global climate action, potentially fostering AI applications for climate modeling and mitigation.
KAUST Professor Niveen Khashab has received the 2023 Cram Lehn Pedersen Prize in Supramolecular Chemistry, a prestigious international award. The prize recognizes her original work in supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly of organic molecules, particularly in designing smart nanomaterials. Khashab will receive the award, along with a £2,000 honorarium, at the 2023 International Symposium on Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry in Iceland. Why it matters: This award highlights the growing prominence of materials science research in the GCC region and KAUST's contributions to the field of supramolecular chemistry.
KAUST researchers have developed a new solar distillation device that prevents salt accumulation by using a centimeter-scale plastic cube containing glass fiber membranes and carbon nanotubes. The design incorporates vertically oriented membranes with hydrophilic microchannels to transport seawater to the top solar layer for distillation. This elevated design doubles the freshwater production rate compared to existing salt-rejection solar stills. Why it matters: This innovation improves the efficiency and longevity of solar-powered desalination, offering a sustainable solution for water purification in emergency situations and remote areas.
KAUST Professors Hussein Hoteit and Satoshi Habuchi are collaborating to optimize hydrocarbon extraction using polymers. Hoteit's expertise in energy resources and petroleum engineering combines with Habuchi's molecular imaging tools. Their approach, known as polymer flooding, reduces costs and environmental impact by using less water. Why it matters: This interdisciplinary collaboration highlights KAUST's role in fostering innovative solutions for enhanced oil recovery, a critical area for Saudi Arabia's energy sector.
KAUST Professor Alexandre Rosado studies extremophiles in extreme environments, including Saudi deserts, volcanoes, hot springs, and mangroves. His team researches the diversity and biotechnological potential of microorganisms in these harsh Saudi ecosystems. The logistical challenges of collecting samples in remote and extreme conditions are significant. Why it matters: This research can reveal new species and processes with biotechnological applications, particularly in bioremediation and understanding life's limits.
KAUST alumna Wedyan Babatain was named a 2022 MENA Innovator Under 35 by MIT Technology Review Arabia. Babatain was recognized for her research developing a soft multifunctional wearable platform using graphene and liquid metal-based electronics. She is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at MIT Media Lab, developing soft tangible interfaces and robotics platforms. Why it matters: This award highlights the increasing recognition of young Saudi researchers and KAUST's role in fostering innovative research in advanced materials and wearable technology.
KAUST participated in LEAP 2023, showcasing its AI Initiative, KAUST-SDAIA Center of Excellence, and Smart-Health Initiative. President Tony Chan spoke on technology innovation, while CIO Jason Roos discussed AI's impact on cybersecurity. The KAUST booth featured research projects, smart city prototypes, and technological infrastructure like the Shaheen III supercomputer. Why it matters: KAUST's strong presence at LEAP 2023 underscores its commitment to driving technological innovation and AI advancement within Saudi Arabia and the wider region.
KAUST startup Uvera, founded by KAUST alumna Asrar Damdam, received a CES 2023 Innovation Award for Aurora, an AIoT device that extends the shelf life of fresh foods by up to 97% without chemicals. Aurora uses an AI-powered app to track food inventory, predict spoilage, and notify users. Uvera's mission is to reduce food waste by 50% by 2030, aligning with UN goals for human security. Why it matters: This award highlights the potential of AIoT solutions developed in the region to address global challenges like food waste and sustainability.
Geophysicists at KAUST are investigating the "doublet" earthquake phenomenon in Turkey, where two strong earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 and 7.7 occurred within nine hours of each other on separate faults. Researchers from the Crustal Deformation and InSAR Group and the Computational Earthquake Seismology research group are using satellite and seismic data to examine the earthquake rupture process. The National Center for Earthquake and Volcano monitoring (NCEV) of the Saudi Geological Survey contributes seismic recordings to the KAUST teams. Why it matters: Understanding such earthquake doublets is crucial for improving seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation in the region and globally.
KAUST signed an MoU with MISA and Novo Nordisk at the Riyadh Global Medical Biotechnology Summit 2023. The agreement aims to address healthcare challenges in Saudi Arabia and develop the biotech and pharma sector through knowledge transfer and research. A key objective is to establish a Novo Nordisk Center of Excellence focused on obesity and metabolic research. Why it matters: The partnership will boost Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals of creating tech-driven industries and improving health outcomes through biotechnology.
KAUST's Sciencetown podcast episode 23 features researcher Dana Al-Sulaiman discussing portable biosensing technologies for cancer detection. These devices aim to enable liquid biopsies for early screening and personalized treatment. The biosensors gather clinical information from biological samples to inform clinical decisions. Why it matters: This research can advance non-invasive diagnostics and personalized medicine in the region.
KAUST researchers are exploring thin-film device technologies using materials like printable organics and metal oxides for a greener Internet of Things (IoT). They propose wirelessly powered sensor nodes using energy harvesters to reduce reliance on batteries, which are costly and environmentally harmful. Large-area electronics, printed on flexible substrates, offer a more eco-friendly alternative to silicon-based technologies due to solution-based processing and lower production temperatures. Why it matters: This research contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly IoT ecosystem, aligning with global efforts to reduce electronic waste and energy consumption.
KAUST's Beacon Development (KBD) is a key partner in the Heart of Arabia expedition, retracing a 750-mile journey across Saudi Arabia. The expedition aims to advance human performance understanding in extreme environments and deepen knowledge of pre-Islamic history and local biodiversity. KBD's Terrestrial Ecology and Conservation team is advising the field science component, providing equipment and expertise for data collection. Why it matters: This partnership highlights KAUST's commitment to environmental research and historical exploration, contributing to a deeper understanding of Saudi Arabia's natural and cultural heritage.
Professor Qiaoqiang Gan, a KAUST professor of material science and engineering, has been elected as a Fellow of SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. Gan, who joined KAUST in 2021, is an expert in light-matter interaction for nanosensing and green photonics and leads the Sustainable Photonics Energy Research (SuPER) Lab. His work focuses on developing advanced manufacturing methods to monitor biomedical conditions, conserve energy, and ensure environmental sustainability. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's growing prominence in photonics research and its commitment to addressing global challenges in energy, health, and sustainability through advanced materials and optical technologies.
Researchers are exploring computer vision models to mitigate Camel-Vehicle Collisions (CVC) in Saudi Arabia, which have a high fatality rate. They tested CenterNet, EfficientDet, Faster R-CNN, and SSD for camel detection, finding CenterNet to be the most accurate and efficient. Future work involves developing a comprehensive system to enhance road safety in rural areas.
Professor Peng Wang of KAUST has received the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Global Water Award for his research using renewable energy for clean drinking water production. The award, given by Suqia UAE, recognizes projects with sustainable solutions to water scarcity, focusing on technologies that produce, distribute, and purify water using renewable energy. Wang's research focuses on leveraging solar energy to develop inexpensive, low-carbon technologies for clean water production suitable for off-grid communities. Why it matters: This award highlights the importance of innovative research in addressing water scarcity challenges in the Middle East and globally, aligning with the UAE's commitment to sustainable development goals.
KAUST researchers Dr. Islam Ashry, Dr. Chun Hong Kang, and Professor Boon S. Ooi won the 2022 International Date Palm Innovative Technology Excellence Prize from the National Center for Palm and Dates (NCPD) for their fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensor. The sensor enables early detection of red palm weevils in date palm trees, a major problem in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Europe. The prize includes a SAR 200,000 reward. Why it matters: This award recognizes innovative research addressing a critical agricultural challenge in the region, with potential for significant economic impact by reducing losses from infestations.
KAUST researchers have designed an integrated circuit logic lock to protect electronic devices from cyberattacks. The protective logic locks are based on spintronics and can be incorporated into electronic chips. The lock uses a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) where the keys are stored in tamper-proof memory, ensuring hardware security. Why it matters: This hardware-based security feature could significantly increase confidence in globalized integrated circuit manufacturing, protecting against counterfeiting and malicious modifications.
The Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) provided insights and clarification regarding the impact of artificial intelligence on jobs and employment. This discussion likely centered on the regional economic implications, possibly in the context of the World Cup. The initiative aimed to enhance understanding of the future of work as AI adoption accelerates. Why it matters: Addressing the societal and economic challenges posed by AI's influence on the labor market is critical for GCC nations as they pursue economic diversification and technological advancement.
KAUST Professor Husam N. Alshareef has been elected as a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI). Alshareef, principal investigator of the KAUST Functional Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, was selected for his prolific innovation and tangible impact on quality of life, economic development, and welfare of society. Alshareef has authored nearly 520 publications and holds 80 issued patents, with his research focusing on nanoscale materials for electronics and energy applications. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contribution to innovation and its researchers' impact on critical technology areas, enhancing the university's international standing and supporting Saudi Arabia's technology leadership goals.
KAUST Professor Aamir Farooq has been named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) for his contributions to chemical kinetics research. Farooq leads the KAUST Chemical Kinetics and Laser Sensors Laboratory, which focuses on understanding fundamental processes in energy conversion. His research currently investigates the chemistry of e-fuels, biofuels, low-carbon fuels, and zero-carbon fuels, with a focus on hydrogen and ammonia. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contributions to sustainable energy research and positions the university as a key player in developing future fuel technologies.
KAUST Professor Boon S. Ooi has been named an IEEE Fellow for his contributions to broadband light emitters and visible light communications. Ooi's work in semiconductor photonics has led to the establishment of successful startups. He is among the first to propose energy-efficient lighting and ultra-high-speed visible light communication using semiconductor lasers. Why it matters: Recognition of KAUST faculty demonstrates the institution's growing prominence in advanced technology research and its impact on global innovation.
Artists from Switzerland collaborated with researchers at KAUST's Red Sea Research Center to photograph autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS). ARMS are artificial towers that capture small critters colonizing coral reefs, developed to measure marine biodiversity. KAUST has deployed and retrieved over 180 ARMS units since 2013 to study cryptobenthic biodiversity, which represents up to 70% of a reef's biodiversity. Why it matters: This collaboration highlights the innovative approaches being used to study marine ecosystems in the Red Sea and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in advancing scientific understanding.
KAUST alumnus Morgan Bennett-Smith's underwater photograph of Professor Raquel Peixoto inoculating corals at the KAUST Coral Probiotics Village won Nature's "Scientist at Work" photo competition and was featured in the journal's December 7, 2022 issue. The photo, taken with a Canon R5 and RF 15-35mm lens inside of a Nauticam underwater housing, shows Peixoto applying probiotics to corals to boost their resilience. Peixoto praises Bennett-Smith's ability to capture the essence of their work and communicate the urgency of the coral crisis through his photographs. Why it matters: The recognition highlights KAUST's marine science research and the importance of visual storytelling in communicating scientific advancements and environmental challenges in the Red Sea.
KAUST researchers are exploring novel chemical reactors and separation processes using mathematical design, with a focus on time and shape variables to enhance transport, heat transfer, and mass transfer. By aligning design, modeling, and 3D printing, they create customized shapes with great complexity and less material. This approach allows for the creation of bespoke reactors and separation processes tailored to specific applications, improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption. Why it matters: This research demonstrates the potential of advanced manufacturing techniques to revolutionize industrial design in the Middle East's chemical and pharmaceutical sectors.
KAUST, in collaboration with the Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST) and Meta, has launched a Terragraph Wi-Fi project to bring high-speed internet to the Modern Architectural Contracting Company (MACC) camp near KAUST. The project utilizes Meta's Terragraph technology, a gigabit wireless system operating in the 57-71GHz band, to provide a low-cost, high-speed alternative to fiber. Weather stations will monitor climate variables affecting the hybrid RF/FSO links, validating KAUST's research in extreme bandwidth communication. Why it matters: This deployment demonstrates a practical solution for delivering affordable, high-speed internet access to underserved communities in the region, leveraging advanced wireless technologies and KAUST's research capabilities.
KAUST has appointed Dr. Chak Chan as the new dean of its Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) division, commencing in May 2023. Dr. Chan previously served as the Dean of the School of Energy and Environment at the City University of Hong Kong and brings over 14 years of administrative experience. His research focuses on the physical chemistry of the atmosphere, aligning with KAUST's focus on climate, livability, and sustainability. Why it matters: This appointment strengthens KAUST's leadership in physical science and engineering, particularly in areas related to environmental sustainability and interdisciplinary research, aligning with Saudi Arabia's priorities.
KAUST researchers collaborated with TSMC to review the potential of 2D materials in overcoming silicon limitations for microchips. They find that while 2D materials show promise, performance degrades when using scalable fabrication techniques like chemical vapor deposition. 2D materials have been integrated into some commercial products like sensors, but high-integration-density circuits are still a challenge. Why it matters: This research highlights the ongoing efforts and remaining hurdles in utilizing novel materials to advance semiconductor technology in line with industry roadmaps.
KAUST representatives participated in COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, engaging in panels, presentations, and exhibits. They promoted KAUST's projects and explored collaborations in areas like carbon capture, food security, and water conservation. KAUST experts engaged with global stakeholders to discuss climate action goals and the need for public-private collaboration. Why it matters: This participation highlights KAUST's commitment to sustainability research and its role in addressing global climate challenges through technological innovation and international partnerships.
Clarivate's 2022 list of Highly Cited Researchers includes multiple KAUST faculty members. These researchers are recognized for being in the top 1% of cited research globally, with representation across computer science, materials science, and other fields. The KAUST faculty named include Carlos Duarte, Pierre Magistretti, Matthew F. McCabe, and Mark Tester. Why it matters: Recognition of KAUST faculty highlights the university's growing research prominence and impact in key scientific domains.
The KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) held its annual forum, showcasing research collaborations with partners like KFSHRC, KAIMRC, and KACST. Projects presented included biomarker detection devices, cardiovascular disease sensors, 3D data visualization, and genome sequencing for patient data analysis. Dr. Sara F. Althari highlighted KAUST's cultivation of partnerships within the Kingdom's healthcare and biotech ecosystem. Why it matters: The KSHI aims to transform Saudi Arabia's healthcare system towards precision and personalized medicine, aligning with Vision 2030.
KAUST attended the SC22 high-performance computing conference with a team of 20 supercomputing experts. KAUST highlighted that HPE will build Shaheen III, KAUST's next-generation supercomputer, which will be the most powerful in the Middle East. A KAUST team was also a finalist for the 2022 Gordon Bell Prize. Why it matters: KAUST's presence at SC22 underscores its growing influence and leadership in high-performance computing within the Middle East and globally.
This paper introduces a mutually-regularized dual collaborative variational auto-encoder (MD-CVAE) for recommendation systems, addressing the limitations of user-oriented auto-encoders (UAEs) in handling sparse ratings and new items. MD-CVAE integrates item content and user ratings within a variational framework, regularizing UAE weights with item content to avoid non-optimal convergence. A symmetric inference strategy eliminates the need for retraining when introducing new items, enhancing efficiency in dynamic recommendation scenarios. Why it matters: The MD-CVAE approach offers a practical solution for improving recommendation accuracy and efficiency, especially in scenarios with data sparsity and frequent item updates, relevant to e-commerce and content platforms in the Middle East.
KAUST Associate Professor Derya Baran has been appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Baran leads the Organic Materials for Energy Applications (OMEGA) research group at KAUST, focusing on soft materials for electronic devices. Her research aims to develop printed, stretchable electronics for applications like solar cells and sensors. Why it matters: This fellowship provides a platform for Professor Baran to elevate her research and connect with global scientific leaders, supporting KAUST's and Saudi Arabia's broader goals in renewable energy and sustainable technologies.
This paper presents six experiments evaluating personalization and user tracking in web search engine results. The experiments involve comparing search results based on VPN location (including UAE vs others), logged-in status, network type, search engine, browser, and trained Google accounts. The study measures total hits, first hit, and correlation between hits to identify patterns of personalization. Why it matters: The findings shed light on the extent of filter bubble effects and potential biases in search results for users in the UAE and globally.