Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have developed a novel genome engineering method for precisely inserting large pieces of genetic information into plants. Published in Nature Biotechnology, this approach allows for targeted placement of large genes into plant genomes without creating DNA breaks, overcoming a long-standing challenge in the field. The method was successfully demonstrated in both tobacco and rice, opening new possibilities for agricultural biotechnology and synthetic biology. Why it matters: This advance could enable the development of more complex traits in crops for improved resilience and sustainable agriculture, and facilitate the use of plants as scalable platforms for producing therapeutics and other valuable compounds.
KAUST and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have signed an MoU to collaborate on developing climate-resilient food crops. The collaboration will combine CIMMYT’s expertise in maize and wheat breeding with KAUST’s strengths in genomics and computational agriculture. The partnership will focus on genomic selection, data analytics, and digital breeding technologies, including capacity-building programs. Why it matters: The partnership aims to enhance food security in Saudi Arabia and the wider region by developing resilient, high-yielding crop varieties suited to arid environments.
KAUST researchers have published a study in Nature Genetics detailing genomic analysis of wild rice relatives. The study examined nine tetraploid and two diploid wild relatives of rice, finding significant genetic diversity due to transposable elements. This diversity includes genes that confer resilience to heat, drought, and salinity. Why it matters: These findings can help improve rice yields, introduce rice cultivation to currently untenable regions, and protect rice crops against climate change, especially in the Middle East.
KAUST has launched a Center of Excellence for Sustainable Food Security, led by Professor Mark Tester. The center aims to develop innovative solutions for food security challenges in arid regions, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030. It will focus on enhancing resource use efficiency, developing resilient crops, and promoting sustainable biosystems through interdisciplinary research and partnerships. Why it matters: This initiative will advance agricultural innovation in Saudi Arabia, supporting economic diversification and reducing reliance on food imports.
KAUST researchers have discovered that the bacterium Enterobacter sp. SA187, found in desert plants, enhances plant salt tolerance by triggering sulfur metabolism. Salt stress prompts the bacteria to release sulfur metabolites, which then generate the antioxidant glutathione in the plant, protecting it from salt-induced damage. A KAUST startup aims to commercialize SA187 as a probiotic treatment for seeds and crops. Why it matters: This research offers a biotechnological approach to enable saline agriculture, which is crucial for water-scarce regions like Saudi Arabia that rely on energy-intensive desalination.
Red Sea Farms, a KAUST startup, is advancing its saltwater greenhouse technology with a new 21,000 square foot pilot facility at the KAUST Research & Technology Park. Their greenhouse technology allows for growing crops on marginal land, using 90% less freshwater than traditional methods. The system uses saltwater in greenhouse-cooling and climate control, resulting in a lower environmental footprint. Why it matters: This technology addresses critical food and water security challenges in arid regions by enabling local food production with minimal freshwater resources and reduced energy consumption.
KAUST's Professor Carlos Duarte contributed to sequencing the genome of Zostera marina (eelgrass), work published in Nature. The research identifies gene loss and adaptation mechanisms related to the plant's transition from land to marine environments. Eelgrass developed salt resistance, which could inform selective breeding for salt-tolerant food crops. Why it matters: Understanding the eelgrass genome can help in conservation efforts and provide insights into plant adaptation to climate change and marine environments.
MBZUAI has launched the Institute for Agriculture and Artificial Intelligence (IAAI) in collaboration with the UAE Presidential Court and the Gates Foundation. The IAAI will focus on strengthening global food security by providing digital advisory tools to over 43 million smallholder farmers. The institute will develop a new data corpus for agriculture to train AI models and offer localized insights on crops, pests, soils, weather, and markets. Why it matters: This initiative highlights the UAE's commitment to using AI for global good, specifically addressing food security challenges and empowering small-scale farmers through advanced technologies.