KAUST researchers have developed a new technology for direct lithium extraction from brine in oilfields and seawater, potentially positioning Saudi Arabia as a major lithium producer. The technology, demonstrated at a pilot scale, allows extraction from low-concentration sources (as low as 20 parts per million) without pollutants. It could increase global lithium resources from 22 million tons to over 230 billion tons. Why it matters: This innovation could transform Saudi Arabia from a lithium importer to a producer, strengthening its energy security and influence in the global clean energy market.
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) and KAUST have launched a pilot study at SEC’s Rabigh power plant to demonstrate a cryogenic technology that captures multiple pollutants and greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. The technology captures over 98% of carbon dioxide from flue gas, as well as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, using a single system, unlike current technologies. The streamlined post-processing has a smaller environmental footprint and lower costs. Why it matters: This project supports Saudi Arabia's net-zero carbon goals and offers a potentially more efficient and cost-effective method for retrofitting existing power plants.
KAUST researchers are investigating the sources and chemistry of airborne particles to tackle urban air pollution. The research integrates laboratory simulations of atmospheric reactions with field measurements to understand the formation mechanisms of particulate matter (PM). They are also developing cellular and animal models to test how different air pollutants affect human health, in collaboration with the Center of Excellence for Smart Health. Why it matters: This research can inform targeted control strategies to manage emissions and improve air quality in Saudi Arabia and other countries facing similar pollution challenges.
KAUST's Urban Lab is developing the Saudi National Life Cycle Inventory, an environmental database providing quantitative data on the environmental impact of products and processes in Saudi Arabia. The database includes information on raw material use, energy consumption, water usage, waste generation, and air pollutants specific to the Kingdom. This project was highlighted at the 'Greening the Giga' workshop, where KAUST also released a report on building a national framework for Life Cycle Assessments. Why it matters: The database and framework can guide multiple sectors in adopting green technology and help Saudi Arabia achieve its net-zero carbon emissions goal by 2060.
KAUST researchers cultivated the extremophile microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, which thrives in hot, acidic conditions, using commercial fertilizer at lab and outdoor large-scale culture. This was part of the Development of Algal Biotechnology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (DABKSA) project, a collaboration between MEWA and KAUST. The microalgae consume pollutants and CO2 to produce biomass like proteins and oils, which can be used as sustainable animal feed. Why it matters: This positions Saudi Arabia as a potential leader in algal technologies, strengthens food independence, and contributes to the country's carbon net-zero goal by 2060.
KAUST researchers have developed a method using high-intensity pulses of light to remove carbon-based organic micropollutants from wastewater. By using a pulsed light system previously used for semiconductor materials, the team dramatically accelerated the photodegradation treatment. The high-intensity pulsed light (HIPL) triggers decomposition of organic micropollutants (OMPs) with extraordinary degradation rates within milliseconds. Why it matters: This treatment offers a potentially scalable solution to the increasing environmental problem of OMPs in waterways, addressing a critical need in water treatment technologies for the region.
Researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) conducted a study revealing that Red Sea corals absorb and accumulate various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and herbicides, thereby recording a long-term chemical footprint of human activity. The study detected substances like antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and the herbicide atrazine across 15 reefs in three Red Sea regions, noting that some chemicals were found in higher concentrations offshore due to ocean currents. This research demonstrates how corals can provide a more comprehensive, time-integrated picture of environmental exposure than water samples alone. Why it matters: This work offers a valuable tool for environmental monitoring and informing policy in Saudi Arabia as it expands coastal tourism and other sectors, particularly for the unique Red Sea coral reef ecosystems.
Fethi Khaled, a mechanical engineering Ph.D. student at KAUST's Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), is researching fuel combustion with a focus on cleaner, safer, and more efficient energy sources. His work in the Chemical Kinetics and Laser Sensors Laboratory under Professor Aamir Farooq involves studying the science of combustion and different energy sources like fossil and solar energy. Khaled aims to contribute to inventing new combustion engine modes that are more efficient and produce less or zero pollutants. Why it matters: This research aligns with Saudi Arabia's broader goals of promoting sustainable energy solutions and reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels, contributing to environmental sustainability and economic diversification.